第222章 生者当如斯
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且不说这“天下之通丧”只是孔子的主观认识,实际上各地风俗均有不同。△,若是死者的家属全都服三年之丧去了,哭泣衰减去了,谁来种地,谁来入伍,谁来建设成乡?
所以,这一是没商量的,于是赵无恤便给子贡上了一课,试图扭转他的三观。
“我曾听说,孔子好复古,那么三代圣王时的葬埋之法,子贡应当是知道的。当时死者既已埋葬,生人不当久哭,而应赶快各司职守,人人各尽所能,用以交相得利。”
“所以,在成乡之内,复古礼是必须的,但我要恢复的,是三代之时的圣王之礼,父母死,三月之丧而止!兄弟死,哭丧三日而止!”
子贡哑口无言,三代古礼?
夫子曾言:“夏礼,吾能言之,杞不足征也。殷礼,吾能言之,宋不足征也。文献不足故也。”
连千年前的夏礼、殷礼都渐渐不可考证了,唐尧虞舜时的,又能从哪里查实?君子这是在信口乱说,还是赵氏作为千年古族,下宫守藏室里真的保有文献?
总之,对于现实至极的赵无恤,夫子那一套说辞,似乎不太容易说服他,此次的进谏只成功了一半,叫子贡心中不免有些遗憾。
赵鞅入虒祁宫时,还带上了医扁鹊、乐灵子去为乐祁诊治。而扁鹊的两个徒弟子阳、子豹,则受了赵无恤之邀,前往成乡,为前些日子受伤的乡卒们做后续治疗。
所以。立冬之后,当子阳和子豹来到成乡时。便见到刚刚将亲人入殓,高呼“魂兮归来”的成乡民众。他们已经擦干了恸哭三日的眼泪。开始收割粟米,为丰收而微笑。
因为君子在主持隆重的葬礼和祭奠仪式后,对他们说了这么一句话。
“逝者长已矣,生者当如斯!”
死去的人已经离我们而去,活着的人,要更坚强地好好的活下去!
之前大战,敌人选了平坦的粟米地集结、冲锋、撤退,毁掉了千亩田地,要放在以往。这些损失都得国人们自己咽下。
但这次不同,君子颁布了“补贴”之法:凡是在战时受到的经济损失,如房屋倒塌,田亩被毁,牛羊死伤等,都可以向计吏侨和乡司徒报备,乡寺将在核实后一一补偿!
所以子阳、子豹到了成乡后,先是对这战后民生的迅速恢复大为惊奇,一路上只见民众自发驱赶沦为氓隶的俘虏们修补墙垣。收割粟米。而在踏入新设置的“医馆”后,两人就更加诧异了。
现在的北方虽然被晋、齐争霸的阴影笼罩,但仍算是处于较为和平的年代,加上诸夏之间好歹得有《司马法》里强调的道德底线。所以战争的规模和杀伤较小。
但在南边,已经华夏化的楚人,还有丝毫不讲礼仪的野蛮吴人。三年前才有过一场旷日持久的大战,横尸千里。杀人盈城。医扁鹊也带子阳、子豹去过战乱中心的唐、蔡一带,进过几处安置伤员的营房。在医扁鹊指导下,亲自体验过对疡伤的治疗。
汉字的“医”字和“疾”字都从“矢”,即箭镞,所以从医学最初产生开始,就和战争有密切的关系。
在诸侯各国,官方的医生分为四种,即:食医,负责贵族的膳食调养,相当于古代营养师;疾医,负责为国人治疗头疼脑热等疾病;兽医,掌疗园囿和厩苑里的马匹、牛羊疾病。
最后,则是疡医,掌金疡、折疡、肿疡、溃疡之疾。这四种疡,分别就是金刃开放性伤,骨折伤,受钝器敲打的局部肿胀、皮下溢血,还有外科感染,所以,疡医相当于后世的外科医生。
但受伤后立刻得到这些专业外科医生的救治,这是尊贵的士大夫们才得以享受的。一般的士卒,就没这么好运了,他们虽然不会被立刻遗弃,但也只会被分配给技艺较差的巫医、方士看管。
通常,在诸夏军中,每一师都设置有“方士三人,立百药,以治金疮,以痊万病。”不过对这些半巫半医的同行手艺,医扁鹊和他的两名弟子,都是十分看不起的。
所以,当时在唐、蔡伤病营里的情形,子阳和子豹永生难忘:百十名伤卒面容呆滞地躺卧在几间昏暗营房的通铺上,入目皆是横流的污血,空气中弥漫着腐烂的臭味,哀嚎声、哭丧声充斥着狭小的空间。
这时代的武器通常不足够致命,每次战后,往往会造成部分死者,以及更多的伤者。
破了肚肠,断了腿的重伤者,就直接抬到尸体坑外边等死,任由其哭号声越来越小。
受了四种非致命伤的,就会被巫医、方士简单处理伤口。一般是草木灰加水调成糊状,敷在伤口上,再蒙上随便找来的葛布,足以止血。
然后,就得听天由命了。
受伤者往往会因为伤口恶化而死掉,不死的,也会整条胳膊整条腿都烂掉。对伤者在接受治疗后,痊愈和惨死两种不同结局,巫医和方士们,甚至是专业的疡医都搞不清原因。
他们一般认为,这是鬼神在作祟,也没想到什么好法子,只是让伤者本人和家眷日日祈愿,把希望寄托在虚无缥缈的大司命、少司命饶恕上。
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