第308章 格物致知
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太阳，那仿佛是天帝之眼，凌驾于万物的神物，如何能以人力测量之？
孔子道：“《易》云，法象莫大乎天地，变通莫大乎四时，悬相著名莫大乎日月。丘年少时跟随周室大夫苌弘学习天文、地理，也曾好奇过日有多远，天有多高，却从未想过要真去测量他们的距离，大夫此说，实在是引人深思。”
作为子产“天道远，人道弥”的信奉者，“敬鬼神而远之”的自然神论者，孔子对太阳虽然敬畏，却并未视为神圣不可揣测之物，也算是这时代比较进步的学说。
倒是好奇心极重的颜渊目光炯炯地问道：“子贡曾言，大夫在晋国时有一计吏名侨，掌握着神奇的周髀数字，用不同寻常的算术法则来计算。莫非已经能达到夫天可不阶而升，地不可得尺寸而度这种经天纬地的境界了？”
赵无恤目光转向颜回，他知道这位眉直眼阔，神情朴实可亲的二十余岁青年是孔子唯一的入室弟子，被孔子称赞为“敏于事而慎于言”。
赵无恤认为已经极为聪明的子贡也曾无奈地称之为“回也闻一以知十，赐也闻一以知二”，也就是说子贡学习时闻一而知二，颜回则是恐怖的闻一知十，甚至连孔子都对子贡说过：“弗如也，吾与汝弗如也”，承认连自己都不如颜回。
总之，这是个学霸型的人物，如今是孔子之学最有希望的接班人，据说他对天文地理都有所涉猎，特是好学和聪慧，不管什么都喜欢往脑袋里装。但因为为人低调却不显山不‘露’水，并且不打算为政，一心‘侍’奉孔子和研究学问。
颜回的目光里带着好奇，他已经被赵无恤的这番说辞吸引了注意力。
无恤答道：“尚未，不过无恤相信若是有人能继续发扬此道，迟早有一天能实现！”
面对赵无恤提出的测日地距离长短，颜回表现出了较大的兴趣，而孔子却另有所思。
他笑着说道：“先君昭公之时，丘曾经被先君赐予一乘车，两匹马，一竖子‘侍’奉，在孟氏庶子阔陪伴下入周室问礼。我在周室遇到了老子，向其求学请教，即将告辞离去时老子这样对我说……”
“聪慧明白‘洞’察一切反而会濒临死亡，博洽善辩宽广弘大反而会危及其身。子泰大夫‘欲’通晓天地，‘洞’察博览一切，对老子这句话怎么看？”
这不是孔子自己的观，而是转述老子的看法。
赵无恤摇头道：“老子避世，他和孤竹国的公子伯夷、叔齐，还有孔子的弟子子皙一样，是一位狷者，提倡大隐，大愚。”
“然也，子泰大夫可谓知老子其人矣，鸟，我知其能飞；鱼，我知其能游；兽，我知其能走。会跑的可以用网捕获，会游的可以用丝线垂钓，会飞的可以用箭去‘射’。至于龙，我不能知其乘风云而上天的行踪轨迹，无从琢磨，老子的学问和为人就如同一条入云之龙。”
“既然如此，那孔子以为，这世上能有几条龙？老子的行迹和做法不是常人能效仿的。多数人还是需要为衣食住行发愁的鸟、鱼、兽，所以老子的说法小子不完全认可。这世上的事就像今天的两小儿辩日一样，越辩越明，而不是自愚不去了解就能逃避的。我想，百年千年后，非但日地之距能测，天之大，地之广，海之深，河之源，太阳为何东升西落，人为何生老病死，总有一天能一一知晓。凡此种种，我称之为……”
“格物致知之道！”
“格物致知？”众人肃然，等待着赵无恤解释这个听上去颇有深意的词。
阁楼的凉台上，赵无恤对孔丘，颜回，还有柳下季侃侃而谈道：
“人生在世，作为万物之灵长，自然应该知道万物之本末始终，才能加以利用造福万民。让无恤打个比方罢，古时候，燧人氏上观星辰，下察五木创造出了火，这就是格物致知。”
“之后，包牺氏作为天下的君王，仰则观象于天，俯则观法于地。他观看鸟兽的斑纹和山脉水势，或取法于自身，或领悟于万物，于是开始创作八卦，用来领会天地的道德，用来表达万物的情状，这也是格物致知！”
“包牺氏死后数百年，神农氏兴起，他尝遍百草，观察万物的生长特，于是斫木为耜，‘揉’木为耒，创造许多器具，以便教导人民耕种和除草，使天下增加粮食，这还是格物致知。”
赵无恤这番言论层序递进，逻辑严密，还迎合了孔子及其‘门’徒好法古之圣王的习惯，说服力极强。
于是他最后斩钉截铁地说道：“所以，格物致知除了能‘洞’悉万物生长、兴盛、衰亡的道理外，还可以知礼乐之源，明道德之要！”
“善哉！今日方知格物致知之妙！”无恤一席话后，孔子沉默片刻后，首先发出了赞同的声音。
ps：感谢书友惟爱灵伊，迅‘浪’，九天炎羽，我只爱中国，飞龙大哥的打赏！感谢各位的月票，恭喜书友我只爱中国成为本书舵主！
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