第455章 黑铁时代
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跟在农村时亲自下过地,看长辈制过豆腐豆浆,进过陶艺班不同,赵无恤不是专业人士。甚至不是工科男。他只知道些常识性的东西,比如铁的熔比铜锡高的多,无论是西方还是东方,从青铜时代到铁器时代,都经历了一个漫长的岁月。
制造适合冶铁的炉。提高炉温,这是首要得解决的问题,好在烧制瓷器的过程中,西鲁的陶工瓷匠们以炭来烧制,可以让炉温越来越高。
但用郓城挖出的炭来冶铁,所有结果都以失败而告终,无恤这才想起来,似乎还得将炭焦化才行?然而烧炭也是个技术活,需要及时隔绝空气不然就成灰了,这得建特殊的炉窑,还有大量的煤炭来进行尝试。
总之,在大野泽、济水河道疏通完毕,郓城的炭运来前,只能先以木炭替代了。
这会乘着天晴,先将木材烧制成木炭,冷却后储存在府库里,数十个隶臣拉着人力的辇车在工坊中来回穿梭,运送炭块到冶炼场,他们的身后,武卒手持鞭子如影随形……
此外,按照无恤先前模棱两可的建议,来到此处也才一个月的攻金之匠们挠破了脑袋,方才竖立起数个椭圆形的炼炉,比冶炼青铜的炉的确高了不少。他们在铁官吏的带领下,又细分出了上料、鼓风、出铁、供水各个部分,在过去半个多月的试验里试图攻克一个又一个难题。
今天因为赵无恤来巡视的缘故,他想瞧瞧进展如何,工匠们也想表现表现,于是便火,开炉!
……
这会,五六个炼炉下边都是火焰升腾,数十个工匠、隶臣分别守在各自负责的炼炉周围。有人垫着脚尖站在垒起的高台上,举起箩筐往炉里下矿料;有的人着膀子,推着简单的风囊满头大汗地往炉中鼓风;工匠们则蹲在一旁紧张地观察着火候,试图掌握开炉时间的。
“凡铸金之状;金与锡,黑浊之气竭,黄白次之,黄白之气竭,青白次之。青白之气竭,青气次之,然后可铸也。”这些冶炼青铜时总结的观色之法,现在却不太好用了,就连最有经验的铁官吏曹邴也不得不承认,他往常冶铁,也多半是靠运气,想要提高成功几率,非得靠无数次的失败重新总结才行。
随着太阳从头落到山谷,冶炼工坊里都是烈火升腾,黑烟滚滚,把小半个桃丘下的洼地都笼罩在内。
待到出炉时,包括赵无恤在内,所有人的目光都集中在炉灶的出铁口上。他们充满期望,但这种技术活,硬件设施上的差之毫厘,制出的东西便失之千里……
冶炼的结果让人失望,一个炉里是废渣,一个是炉裂,甚至还有一场导致了数人死伤的爆炸,顿时一阵手忙脚乱……
终于,在经历了三炉的失败后,两炉通红的铁块终于出炉了,它们滚落到炉前的大坑里,立刻有工匠取水泼浇在上面,兹兹,却见水气蒸腾,和黑烟混成一块儿。
铁官吏曹邴如同众星捧月般,将冷却后黑乎乎的铁块献宝似的拱手敬献给赵无恤:“托了司寇的福气,今日仅五炉便练出了两均铁!”
……
赵无恤无语凝噎,这就是桃丘一个月折腾后的成效了?古以三十斤为一钧,四钧为一石,四石为一鼓。所以两均就是六十斤,六十斤铁就高兴成这样?后世随便一个小钢铁厂,每日铁产量的单位都是以吨来计算的……
不过据说以前那个须句大夫名下的小冶铁作坊,年产量也不过四百多斤,这一对比,无恤哭笑不得,他是应该为桃丘铁矿的出产突破新高而高兴,还是该为此而沮丧呢?
而且瞧着质量也不怎么好,粗劣无比,不回炉重来的话,锻造铁质兵器那是别想了。还是继续“美金以铸剑戟,试诸狗马;恶金以铸鉏夷斤斸,试诸壤土”的老传统吧。
这六十斤劣质的铁够做出三十把锄头不?若是天天如此,那好歹一年也能做近万把来,可进入二三月就会降下春雨,立夏前是别想开工了,到时候加班加,多能有千把铁农具。
这好歹算是赵无恤能接受的底线了。
后世有人或许会说:“铁冶炼只要温度高,再加一些碳就可以冶炼出铁了吧?”
谁要是说出这种话,受到待遇的大概不是惊为天人,而是被古人用看白痴的眼神看待。就好比一个简单上过化学实验课的人,觉得自己知道冰毒的方程式就能成为制毒大师一样……
人不能石成金,一门在后世也得花数年才能出师的技术活,可不是张嘴说说就能办到的。
如今是春秋之世,至少在鲁国,冶铁技术全得靠摸索,没有十年百年的积累是很难引发突破。赵无恤好歹还知道些东西,能给工匠们减少些弯路,可落实到实处,想要立竿见影?再穿越回去百度百科下一堆冶铁资料来再说吧。
既然质量暂时无法飙升,只能先从提高数量着手了。
“二月春雨前再多炼出几炉来,传我之令,鼓囊,高炉等物,须得反复来试做,能做出者皆有赏赐!”
重赏之下必有勇夫,无恤也只能靠这个诱惑工匠们不断摸索了,
他期待邢敖能在吴国寻觅到一两个可以做出冶炼锻造出成熟铁兵器的工匠来,此外,别的地方也得打打主意。
比如老家晋国。
晋国的太行山两侧,还有汝水以北的河外之地铁矿更多,而且已经有冶铁的雏形。当年赵鞅、中寅帅晋师城汝水之滨,从当地人手中征收了一鼓铁,以铸刑鼎。
一鼓,也就是四百八十斤!相当于桃丘最好时十天的产量,那还是十年之前的事情。
所以无恤在拜别赵鞅时,也请傅叟在晋国内帮忙寻觅下能冶铁之人,只希望能早有回应吧。
“真希望我创造的黑铁时代,能快些到来!”
在郿邑和桃丘饶了一圈后,无恤又沿着济水南下,他将回到郓城,去接见一个人,那就是早先被他诱上岸来,扣留不放的盗跖。
说起来,这还是是两人第一次碰头了。
ps:春秋已经有骡子了,比如赵鞅就有两头宠爱的白骡……今天考英语六级,大章一二了,明天两更
ps:感谢书友小说谜12345,迅浪,death丶寂夜的打赏!感谢各位的月票!
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