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第906章 水力

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鲁班在这份奏报里,向赵无恤描绘了一个灿烂无比的未来,由水动器械构建的未来。

最初提出水力机械的概念的还是赵无恤,不过那时候,他尚且只着眼于农业的谷物上。

对于农耕民族而言,最为繁琐却不可避免的工作,就是去除谷物外壳的环节了。原始的方法是用木棍、石杵舂击,所以春秋时代,有一个刑罚就是“城旦舂”,让囚犯终日舂米,可见世人对舂米这项工作的不耐烦却无可奈何。

赵无恤让工匠做出石碾石磨后,碾米去壳的时间大大缩短,甚至可以用牲畜替代人来做工。但见识过后世农村水磨坊的赵无恤仍嫌不足,于是又在前两年,便让鲁班试着制作水力驱动的磨。

要使水力转换成机械能,必须通过机械装置来转换,这个装置最简单的应是圆形轮子,这就是“水轮”。横置的水轮在水流冲击下转动,于是便将水的势能转化为机械能而做功,它的诞生是水力进入应用领域的关键环节,再安装适当的齿轮,就能带动石磨转动。

原理看似简单,“糅木为轮”的工匠们一说就懂。但做起来却不容易,鲁班在制作投石器之余带着工匠们钻研,也足足鼓捣了好几个月,才于去年在临漳学宫中制出了第一台水磨,至今也还没推广到民间。

水磨制成后,接下来出现的,自然是前不久安置在漳水沟渠畔的大筒车了。与卧式水轮驱动的水磨不同,筒车则是立式水轮驱动的,或者说,它本身就是一个巨大的立式水轮……

两种不同的水轮相当于是水力机械的前置科技,接下来只需要鲁班脑中闪过一丝电光火石,就能将其复制出更多的新发明来。

这一次,鲁班只花了月余时间,便向赵无恤献上了名为“水排”和“水碓”的两份图纸。

赵无恤对这些东西真的知其然不知其所以然,把自己肚子里的常识教给鲁班后,这才没几年,徒弟对力学的概念,已经远超师傅了。

鲁班是个极为认真的工程派,那图纸画的一丝不苟,描述也详尽,于是在赵无恤看来就是一堆黑乎乎密密麻麻的小字,看得赵无恤头都大了。

他仔细端详了半天,才算看明白,这水排,是一种冶铁用的鼓风装置,其原动力为水力,通过鲁班设置的曲柄装置,将水轮的回转运动转变为连杆的往复运动……

总之,利用水力,可以不用人力畜力,就可使排扇一启一闭,对冶炼的熔炉进行鼓风,这种远超人力的澎湃力量,不但能解放劳动力,还可以加大风量,提高风压,提高冶炼的温度强度。

这也意味着,赵氏可以拥有更好更多的铁!

赵无恤有些心动了,再往下看,名为“水碓”的东西,图纸上的构造看上去比水排要简单得多。

在图纸上,水碓的传动方式是由水流冲动立式水轮,轮轴上的短横木拨动碓梢,促使碓头一起一落进行舂捣。鲁班介绍说,它除传统的加工粮食外,若能加大齿轮的转速,还有捶纸浆、碎矿石等多种用途。

而鲁班更大胆地提出,可以利用类似的装置,对铁块进行锻造……

他在奏报中向赵无恤描绘了这样一个画面:因为水力冲击,在齿轮和皮带带动下高高举起的大锤,猛地砸向铁砧上的铁块!由此反复数千次,平日需要铁匠千锤百炼几天的铁块,也许半个时辰就成型了!

到时候,百锻钢,不再是藏于贵族手中的神兵利器,而会变成军队的制式武器……

“公输班描绘的,不就是水力锻锤么!?”赵无恤愕然。

……

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