第1120章 人生不满百
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“东都为邺都,主管东阳、河内、河间、济北、济南、东郡、大梁这七个郡。”
“西都为绛城,主管太原、代、上郡、三川、上党、河东、左冯翊这八个郡。”
其实在赵无恤看来,新绛并不是作为西都最好的选择,虽然河东地区经过唐虞夏商周晋两千年发展,其人口数量、文明程度的经济水平是天下首屈一指,但建都还要看是否险固,论形胜,新绛远不如晋阳。
晋阳控带山河,踞天下之肩背,然而除了险要以外,硕大的地盘人口稀少,董安于和尹铎辛辛苦苦经营了几十年,赵无恤又数次移民过去,却依然不怎么起色。加上地处北国交通不便,实在不是个作为西都的好地方。他这下也有些理解了,历史上赵国为什么放着晋阳不呆,非得跑到中牟、邯郸建都,实在是因为春秋时的太原位置太偏,人口太少。
何况在赵无恤看来,两京制中,陪都是可以随形势而迁动的,他心目中最适合做西都的地方,在渭水之畔,秦国境内,后世称之为咸阳、长安……
除了十五个郡外,赵国还多了四个封君政区:琅琊、徐、东海、商洛,以及两个作为军事据的飞地:邳县、即墨县,这就是赵国的全部疆域了,玄鸟旗几乎占据了三分之二的中原。
确立了赵国“双头鹰战略”的两京制后,赵无恤又与张孟谈对鲁国的疆界进行了划分。
“济水、大野泽以西的西鲁,划归赵国东郡管辖(原卫国)。”
接下来,邹鲁地区被分为四个郡:泰山郡、鲁郡、邹郡、临沂郡,郡守分别是宰予、阚止、项橐、子服何,这四人都是鲁人,由阚止在曲阜兼任鲁国相邦。
赵无恤让阚止来与张孟谈接洽了政务,并勉励他二人道:“孟谈当与子我(阚止)倾力合作,争取三年之内,完成赵国和鲁国的一体化,迁鲁侯于阚邑,将鲁国化为赵的郡县!”
二人应诺,过了一会见天色将暮,便一齐告退了。
然而过了没多久,阚止却去而复返,请求拜见赵无恤,神情严肃地说道:“君上,臣有一事,不知当不当说。”
阚止是赵无恤群臣里最接近“法家”的一人,他虽然是鲁国人,却雷厉风行,施政猛烈,治冯翊时,对于秦国旧俗大力打击,将赵国的制度和车轨、文字强行推行,效果显著。
今日撇开张孟谈独自拜见赵无恤,却是因为他对赵无恤分封诸子颇有微词。
……
“君上,当年周公占有天下,把土地像剖瓜一样分割开来,所封子弟同姓甚众,其本意是让他们屏蔽周室,就像辐条集中于车毂,车轮围绕着轴心运转,岂不是与君上今日封建子弟的初衷如出一辙?”
赵无恤颔首,让他说下去。
“然而周公却没料想到,随着血缘疏远,诸侯开始不听天子号令。周夷王的时候,天子的威望衰竭,竟要亲自下堂去迎接诸侯。周宣王时,虽然倚仗着南征北伐,复兴宗周的威风,终究还是无力决定鲁君的继承人。后来周平王把国都向东迁移到洛邑,已经把自己排列在诸侯同等地位上去了。从那以后,就出现了郑庄公用箭射伤天子肩膀,楚人问周天子传国九鼎的轻重,晋国讨伐天子大臣凡伯的事情,天下大乱,礼崩乐坏,再没有把天子看作天子的。”
”周王失权久矣,如今只不过还保存着一个空名罢了!其中原因,正是诸侯势力太强大,以至于尾大不掉!诸侯之间为了争夺霸业,兼并土地,也日益疏远,兄弟之国相互攻击如同仇雠,周天子弗能禁止。周衰败的原因,大概就在这里了。“
阚止顿了顿,小心地观察赵无恤的表情,见他没有生气,这才壮胆说出了自己的结论:”今中原赖君上神灵一统,昔日的邦国封邑,大多成为赵的郡县,臣斗胆认为,诸子功臣以赋税重赏赐之,已经足矣,若是将封建作为常法,往后恐怕会重蹈周室的覆辙啊……“
言罢,他有些战战兢兢地等待赵无恤的发落,因为这件事,从赵无恤有封建诸子的意图开始,阚止就一直憋在心里了,说出来吧,有离间赵氏骨肉的嫌疑,不说吧,却又不吐不快。
赵无恤却突然笑了起来,拍着他道:“子我啊子我,不曾想你还有这般见识,不愧是寡人看中的宰辅之才。”
阚止受宠若惊,却听赵无恤道:“你说的不错,郡县比封建优越,这是毋庸置疑的!”
肯定阚止的意见又,赵无恤却又话音一转,严肃地说道:“但是,不能一言贯之,而必须根据形势来加以权衡。“
封建制,并不是自古就有,而是随着唐尧、虞舜、夏禹、商汤直到周,慢慢发展起来的,在周之前,殷商能控制的地方也仅仅是王畿,四方则是一些异姓方国,如周、东夷,时而归附,时而叛离。到了周公东征后,封建子弟反倒是一种历史的进步,使周朝巩固了统治,扩大了疆域。并让广阔的地域上形成了夏君夷民的普遍情形,最终夷夏完成融合,形成了诸夏共同体,也就是汉族的雏形,封建制在其中是居功至伟的。
诚如阚止所言,周朝成也封建,衰也封建,延续了周制度的晋、鲁等国同样产生卿大夫、陪臣尾大不掉,君臣易位的情况,封建制要背很大的锅。
所以在新兴的卿族如赵氏内部,用新兴的士人来作为官吏,只享受俸禄而不给予世袭的封地,就成了时代主流。
然而,封建在这个时代,也有他存在的必要性。
判断一种制度的根本就在于它是否适应生产力的发展,封建,不是赵无恤不想把它废除掉,而是事物发展的趋势暂不允许。
首先是功臣子弟之心不可寒,这毕竟是春秋,除却张孟谈、阚止这种拥有较高思想觉悟的人外,大多数赵臣依然把立功授爵,得到封地作为自己人生的奋斗目标。其次,边鄙之地距离赵国太遥远,民心也尚未归附,由中央移民开发的话代价太大,让封君去经营,能减少很多麻烦。
是故阚止的建议有一些道理,但依然只看到了一个片面,赵无恤不能因为一百年后可能发生的事,就把封建子弟的眼前好处全盘否定了。
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