第1203章 西域列传
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第1203章西域列传
雍城大郑宫内,在经过数日调养后,柳下越终于能够正常说中原话了,他将这八年来的经历细细道与赵无恤听……
“臣于八年前与赵国商队在乌氏分离后,先往西翻越陇山,到了西羌之地……”
“西羌位于陇山以西,在雍城以西八百里,乃姜姓别种,生活在在大河九曲附近,部落成百上千,族类绵延千里。..只是那里土地荒芜,五谷不易生长,羌人主要以畜牧为业,没有固定的住所,跟着水草迁徙。各部无君长,势力强大就分出种族,成为酋豪,势力弱小就沦为他人的附属部落。他们互相掠夺侵暴,以暴力称雄,部落里除了杀人偿命外,再没有别的禁令。羌人擅长在山谷丘陵作战,敢于冲锋陷阵,把战死视做吉祥,而病死则是不吉利。能忍受寒冷和艰苦,完全同禽兽一般,即使是妇女生孩子,也不躲避风雪……”
“因为西羌与秦为敌,臣才得以安然穿过羌地,进入河西。河西距离雍城一千五百里,乃是被祁连山和北面的沙漠所夹,一道狭长的走廊,禺支人(月氏)游牧于此,此地水草丰美,牛羊成群,畜产富饶,与代北相似。”
“离开禺支后,臣抵达渠搜,渠搜乃戎种,有小城郭,因城中有泉水能酿酒,故称之为酒泉,酒泉在雍城以西三千里。渠搜附近,有一条名叫弱水的河流,弱水以东是禺支,弱水以西是乌孙。乌孙也同样是逐水草而居的胡种,但对臣等的到来还算友善。”
“过了乌孙后,河西走廊便到了尽头,再往前就是茫茫大漠雪山了。光是到此,臣便花了整整一年时间,走过的距离,和从雍城走到东海差不多,好在沿途时不时有部落或小城郭,臣才能出携带的黄金,不断补充食物和水。但接下来,进入戈壁后,长达一个月,臣等都没有再见到过人烟,在乌孙向导带领下,好不容易,才走到了一片绿洲,发现了一个胡人的城郭,这城郭之名为楼兰……”
“楼兰人金发碧眼,鼻梁高挺,美女极多,城郭濒临盐泽,靠着耕作和畜牧为生。臣在当地盘桓了月余,才学会了当地人的话,从而得知,西域各地皆有城郭之邦,各邦的语言也大同小异,正是靠了在楼兰学到的语言,臣才能在接下来一路上勉强前行。”
这之后,柳下越说他又朝着天山行进,其间找到了《穆天子传》里的赤乌国,这国大概位于吐鲁番一带,他痛饮当地美酒,还看到了中原没有的物种葡萄和胡瓜。然后,又继续进入天山山脉中,遇到了一个饲养大犬,在天山雪地里生活的狗国。
然而,从天山南麓跨越到北麓,甚至一路向西找到了伊犁河谷,他依然没有找到传说中的西王母国,至此,柳下越已经离开了整整两年半。祸不单行,他们还在寻访汗血马的过程中,卷入了当地塞人部落的纷争……
……
“塞人乃是胡种,语言与楼兰、赤乌等类似,其族类分布广阔,占据着伊列水与楚河之间千余里的地域,自称为伊赛顿人,其内部有上百个部落,由各部落酋长再推举塞王,由塞王来划分各部落的水草和牧群。塞王至高无上,每逢塞王死后,要举行隆重葬礼。尸体先涂以香油,装入特制的车,巡行于塞人各部落间,尸车所到之处,各部居民都要以各种方式毁伤自己,或割去一片耳朵,或毁伤前额、鼻子,或以箭镞穿入左手,或抓烂自己的脸或眼部,以此表示哀悼。巡游完后,将尸体送至王族葬地,所掘坟墓面积甚大。尸体放入墓中,以毯相裹,并在尸体两旁堆放戈矛,然后再杀死数十上百人殉葬。”
“塞人乃西方强国,已会冶炼铁器,拥有大弓利箭,擅长骑马,能射两百步,有引弓之卒数万。他们骁勇好战,年轻人作战时要饮下所杀第一个人的血,还要把敌人头颅用来作饮器。制作时,将首级眉毛以下的部分锯去,把剩下的部分刮去皮肉,包上牛皮,里面还要镀上金,再把它当做杯子来用。至于头皮,则制成手巾,拥有人头皮手巾越多,就被认为越英勇。”
将塞人的可怕习俗描述了一通后,柳下越苦笑不已:“臣差一,也被做成了饮器和人皮头巾了。”
好在他在西域行走多年,已经学会了一些塞人的词汇,又献上塞人钟爱的丝绸作为礼物,才得以不死,被拘押在塞王身边,作为奴隶。这之后,柳下越跟着这些骑马的伊塞顿骑手东奔西跑,他们恰巧将柳下越带到了他的目的地,塞人各部聚集的一个盆地,大宛……
至此,柳下越已经离开中原整整三年,在这里,柳下越见到了他梦寐以求的汗血宝马,但他此时已沦为奴隶,随从也离散殆尽,无从购买名马回归中原了……
又在大宛被拘押半年后,恰逢这一任塞王病死,伊塞顿各部大乱,大宛爆发了奴隶的暴动,柳下越才终于找到机会出逃。因为害怕被追捕,他不敢往东,只能先向西南行,不偏不倚,就进入了一处名叫“巴克特里亚”的地域,后来他才知道,这里又被称之为“大夏”,是波斯帝国的一个边疆行省……
“大夏,距离雍都万里之遥,其地方千里,居民多为塞种,被波斯人统治。波斯人与塞人等行国部落不同,倒是与中原颇为相似,定居一处耕种田地,种植稻子和麦子,许多地方还出产葡萄酒。”
“波斯的贵人很喜欢东方的丝绸,却又无法与中原建立联络,只能通过沿途各邦国中转贸易,一匹在中原寻常的丝帛,在波斯可以卖到天价!”
“故而臣觉得,两国或许可以建立贸易,于是就想去拜访其王。臣便在大夏盘桓数月,学会了波斯话,又依靠从大宛出逃时偷来的一匹汗血马,换取了一身好衣物,置办了礼品,自称是来自东方丝国的使者,请求行省的总督带我去波斯的都城,行省的总督是波斯王的亲族,对臣的话将信将疑,只是诧异于臣与胡人颇为不同的外貌,这才愿意为之引见,毕竟,他也曾经听说过东方丝国的传闻。”
“直到在行省总督派人护送下继续西行,臣才知道波斯之大,远远超出我的想象。其国分为数十个行省,臣估量了一下,倘若把所有行省算到一起,只怕比整个中原的赵、秦、楚、燕、越各国加起来,还要大……”
“每个行省管辖的大小城镇有数百座,城中有集市,波斯人喜好商贾,用车船经商,通过通衢六道,可以跨越数千里运到另一个行省去。他们用银作钱币,钱币铸成波斯王容貌的样子,国王死去,就改换钱币。波斯还有文字,有诗书。”
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