第五十四回 荀林父纵属亡师 孟侏儒托优悟主
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再说荀首兵转河口,林父大兵尚未济尽,必甚惊惶。却喜得赵婴齐渡过北岸,打发空船南来接应。时天已昏黑,楚军已至邲城。(地在郑州城东六里。河南荥阳北)伍参请速追晋师。庄王(芈旅)曰:“楚自城濮(河南陈留)失利,贻羞社稷,此一战可雪前耻矣。晋、楚终当讲和,何必多杀?”乃下令安营。(楚庄可爱。)晋军乘夜济河,纷纷扰扰,直乱到天明方止。史臣论荀林父智不能料敌,才不能御将,不进不退,以至此败,遂使中原伯气,尽归于楚,岂不伤哉!有诗云:
阃外元戎无地天,如何裨将敢挠权?
舟中掬指真堪痛,纵渡黄河也靦然。
郑襄公(姬坚)知楚师得胜,亲自至邲城(河南荥阳北)劳军。迎楚王(芈旅)至于衡雍(河南原阳西北五里),僭(音见)居王宫,大设筵席庆贺。潘党请收晋尸,筑为“京观”(“京观”又叫“武军”,就是将敌军的尸体堆在道路两旁,盖土夯实,形成金字塔形的土堆。“阬”字的原义是高大的门楼,而“观”与“阙”相通,也有门楼的意思。“阬”与“坑”又可借用,也往往写作“坑”。因此史书上说的“坑”一般都是指这种残杀敌军战俘,堆在道路两旁,覆土以成小丘来显示军威、威慑敌人,而不一定是挖大坑活埋战俘。[可以想象,秦军要想活埋四十万之众的赵军谈何容易,如果先将其杀死再筑成土堆则容易得多,还能显示军威、震慑后人]),以彰武功于万世。庄王曰:“晋非有罪可讨,寡人幸而胜之,何武功之足称耶?”(楚庄不追晋军,不筑京观,皆是见识阔大处,所以伯主定非寻常可及。)命军士随在掩埋遗骨,为文祭祀河神,奏凯而还。论功行赏。嘉伍参之谋,用为大夫。伍举、伍奢、伍尚、伍员即其后也。令尹孙叔敖叹曰:“胜晋大功,出自嬖人,吾当愧死矣!”(成败论事,功欲己出,庸人之见也,叔敖贤者,亦不免耶?)遂郁郁成疾。
话分两头。却说荀林父引败兵还见景公(姬孺),景公欲斩林父。群臣力保曰:“林父先朝大臣,虽有丧师之罪,皆是先縠故违军令,所以致败。主公但斩先縠,以戒将来足矣。昔楚杀得臣而文公(姬重耳)喜,秦留孟明而襄公(姬欢)惧。望主公赦林父之罪,使图后效。”景公从其言,遂斩先縠,复林父原职。命六卿治兵练将,为异日报仇之举。此周定王(姬瑜)十年(-597)事也。
定王(姬瑜)十二年(-595)春三月,楚令尹孙叔敖病笃,嘱其子孙安曰:“吾有遗表一通,死后为我达于楚王。楚王若封汝官爵,汝不可受。汝碌碌庸才,非经济之具,不可滥厕冠裳也。(叔敖贤者,而生庸材之子,以致后嗣不昌,天道正是难测。)若封汝以大邑,汝当固辞。辞之不得,则可以寝邱(地名。河南沈丘东南)为请。此地瘠薄,非人所欲,庶几可延后世之禄耳。”言毕遂卒。孙安取遗表呈上,楚庄王(芈旅)启而读之,表曰:
臣以罪废之余,蒙君王拔之相位。数年以来,愧乏大功,有负重任。今赖君王之灵,获死牖下,臣之幸矣!臣止一子,不肖,不足以玷冠裳。臣之从子薳(音远)凭,颇有才能,可任一职,晋号世伯,虽偶败绩,不可轻视。民苦战斗已久,惟息兵安民为上。人之将死,其言也善。愿王察之!
庄王(芈旅)读罢,叹曰:“孙叔死不忘国,寡人无福,天夺我良臣也!”即命驾往视其殓,抚棺痛哭,从行者莫不垂泪。次日,以公子婴齐为令尹。召薳凭为箴尹,是为薳氏。庄王欲以孙安为工正,安守遗命,力辞不拜,(论此一端,却可称贤子。)退耕于野。
庄王(芈旅)所宠优人孟侏儒,谓之优孟,身不满五尺,平日以滑稽调笑,取欢左右。一日出郊,见孙安砍下柴薪,自负而归。优孟迎而问曰:“公子何自劳苦负薪?”孙安曰:“父为相数年,一钱不入私门,死后家无余财,吾安得不负薪乎?”优孟叹曰:“公子勉之,王行且召子矣!”乃制孙叔敖衣冠剑履一具,并习其生前言动,摹拟三日,无一不肖,宛如叔敖之再生也。值庄王(芈旅)宴于宫中,召群优为戏。优孟先使他优扮为楚王,为思慕叔敖之状,自己扮叔敖登场。楚王(芈旅)一见,大惊曰:“孙叔无恙乎?寡人思卿至切,可仍来辅相寡人也。”优孟对曰:“臣非真叔敖,偶似之耳。”楚王曰:“寡人思叔敖不得见,见似叔敖者,亦足少慰寡人之思。卿勿辞,可即就相位。”优孟对曰:“王果用臣,于臣甚愿。但家有老妻,颇能通达世情,容归与老妻商议,方敢奉诏。”乃下场,复上曰:“臣适与老妻议之,老妻劝臣勿就。”楚王(芈旅)问曰:“何故?”优孟对曰:“老妻有村歌劝臣,臣请歌之”遂歌曰:
贪吏不可为而可为,廉吏可为而不可为。贪吏不可为者,污且卑;而可为者,子孙乘坚而策肥。廉吏可为者,高且洁;而不可为者,子孙衣单而食缺。君不见楚之令尹孙叔敖,生前私殖无分毫,一朝身没家凌替,子孙丐食栖蓬蒿。劝君勿学孙叔敖,君王不念前功劳!(此等优人真是难得。)
庄王(芈旅)在席上见优孟问答,宛似叔敖,心中已是凄然;及闻优孟歌毕,不觉潸然泪下曰:“孙叔之功,寡人不敢忘也!”即命优孟往召孙安。孙安敝衣草屦而至,拜见庄王。庄王曰:“子穷困至此乎?”(可见楚王不是不念,只是不料其穷至于此耳。优孟此举,不特有功于叔敖,其有功于楚王亦复不少。)优孟从旁答曰:“不穷困,不见前令尹之贤。”庄王曰:“孙安不愿就职,当封以万家之邑。”安固辞。庄王(芈旅)曰:“寡人主意已定,卿不可却。”孙安奏曰:“君王倘念先臣尺寸之劳,给臣衣食,愿得封寝邱(河南沈丘东南)臣愿足矣。”庄王曰:“寝邱瘠恶之土,卿何利焉?”孙安曰:“先臣有遗命,非此不敢受也。”庄王乃从之。后人以寝邱非善地,无人争夺,遂为孙氏世守。此乃孙叔敖先见之明。史臣有诗,单道优孟之事。诗曰:
清官遑计子孙贫,身死褒崇赖主君。
不是侏儒能讽谏,庄王安肯念先臣?
却说晋臣荀林父,闻孙叔敖新故,知楚兵不能骤出。乃请师伐郑,大掠郑郊,扬兵而还。诸将请遂围郑,林父曰:“围之未可遽克,万一楚救忽至,是求敌也,姑使郑人惧而自谋耳。”郑襄公(姬坚)果大惧,遣使谋之于楚,且以其弟公子张,换公子去疾回郑,共理国事。庄王(芈旅)曰:“郑苟有信,岂在质乎?”乃悉遣之,因大集群臣计议,不知所议何事,且看下回分解。
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