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第2438章 行利

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“举个很简单的例子,《政史》之中,民本政体起源于异族的雅典,但那里本质上分为贵族、公民和平民三个阶层,公民通过战争以及个人的努力,获得权力,但他们却和贵族一样,把平民当奴隶看待。最新地址ltxsba.pw那其实是一个伪民本国度。那个国度的大贤亚里士多德等人,竭力反对平民掌权,他们认为即便贵族甚至僭主也比平民掌权好。而号称民本雅典的创造人,是赫赫有名的贤者伯里克利,他把女子当作货物,把女子看得无比卑微。这种人,我不承认他内心有真正的民本。”

“雅典之后,还有一位先哲名为卢梭,他在异族的成就若是放到圣元大陆,必然封圣,而且圣位极高。但是他却说过我不喜欢但却不得不赞同的话,他说,严格意义上的民本仅仅存在于理想中,是不现实的,多数人统治而少数人被统治,这是违反自然法则,我们不能想象人民无休止地开大会讨论公共事务。”

“我初看这位先哲的言论,颇为不适,但联想到人族历史,万界族群历史,却不得不承认,他的话无可辩驳。而且,看到他的话,我联想到孔圣的一句话。民可使由之,不可使知之。当然,后来经过寻古我们发现,这话是后人传承错误,原话是民可使道之,而不可使智之。无论哪个版本,并没有本质的差别。都是在说,孔圣认为官员只需要告诉指导平民去做什么,而不需要告诉他们为什么这么做。”

“当年孔圣未封圣前,有人说他这是愚民,说他看不起百姓,哪怕封圣后也有一些各家读书人因此批判孔圣。但是,我们若是认真思考,首先抛弃所有偏见,以春秋时期的教化程度,我们要实行一条政令,是直接告诉百姓去做好,还是花费大量的时间去教育他们这条政令的来龙去脉等一切相关细节?”

众官没有一人说话,因为这个回答是肯定的,当时的大多数百姓连字都认不了几个,真要逼他们去学习政令,他们说不定会揭竿起义。

方运道:“所以,从实用的角度讲,这句话没错。我们把这句话放在现在来看,我请问诸位,现在若是圣元大陆每个百姓都有权决定每一条政令,那么天下会如何?”

魏栩几乎不假思索道:“天下大乱。”

方运点点头,道:“对。我和孔圣的看法一样,并非是我与孔圣认为百姓愚昧,我们认为,在目前的教化程度下,以目前人族的头脑和身体程度,我们不具备那些理论上的完美品格,比如公正、平等、高尚、理智等等,我们的行动、思维和判断往往不是依靠理智,而是被个人情绪所左右。异族的先哲熊彼得也说过类似的话。”

这一次,几乎所有官员都在点头。

包括一直反对方运的那些官员,心服口服,因为方运说的是事实。

而且,方运说“我们”,并非说“百姓”,包括方运和所有官员都知道,哪怕是自己文位极高,哪怕自己在各方面远远超过普通百姓,同样不具备那些完美的道德品格,也经常会被情绪影响自己的决定。

方运道:“所以,民本国家表面上是民众把权力交给‘官僚集团’,看似权力还在百姓,但实际上,当官僚得到权力的那一瞬间起,他们便成为维护自己以及官僚阶层利益的生灵。为了权力,与其说他们会取悦民众,不如说他们为了自己的利益,利用才能和智慧从民众手里骗取权力,而后巩固权力,最后名正言顺让民众无法真正剥夺他们的权力。纵观历史,哪个君王或一国之主是真真正正被百姓推翻的?从来没有!一个族群之主被击败,那么胜利者要么是同族群的精英,要么是外族的族群之主。”

所有的官员开始竭力回忆历史,回忆那些著名的历史人物。

曹德安叹道:“秦亡之始,虽起于陈胜吴广,但最终的胜利者,却是汉太祖。汉太祖身世平平,乃是寻常农家子弟,但他起事之前,已经当上亭长,与陈胜吴广全然不同。”

方运看向魏栩,问:“我只问一句,现如今的景国,甚至未来两百年内的景国,有诞生民本与民选制度的土壤吗?”

魏栩愣了许久,才缓缓道:“没有,也不可能有。”

方运道:“我根据诸多先贤的著作以及历史,总结了三种革新方式。一种是渐进妥协,一种是保守改良,另一种是激进革命。民选,民本,对于景国来说,毫无疑问是激进的革新,那么,在国家内部矛盾重重,外部有妖蛮虎视眈眈的情况下,激进革新的结果是什么?”

魏栩老老实实回答道:“国家大乱,甚至可能国破家亡。”

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