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第107章 非礼之礼

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“非礼之礼!”

方运只觉一股神异的力量传遍全身,那力量仿佛是天地间最高的规则,让方运不由自主弯腰握笔,在一张空白的纸上写字。

这四个字明明非常简单,但方运却发现有一股无形而伟岸的力量在阻止自己写这四个字,好像只要写完这四个字,自己就会被那股力量压得粉身碎骨。

方运知道,这就是经义考试,远远比请圣言和诗词更加奇特。

方运深吸一口气,脑海中浮现这句话的出处。

《孟子离娄章句下》,孟子曰:“非礼之礼,非义之义,大人弗为。”

方运慢慢落笔,在之纸上写出“非礼之礼”四个字,写完最后一个字,犹如捅破一层窗户纸。

一个雷鸣之音在方运耳边炸响。

“何为礼?”

方运愣了一下,心想礼实际是一个笼统的称呼,既可以是整个社会的制度,也可以是个人道德行为的规范,也可以是《礼记》《周礼》等书,又可以具体到婚丧嫁娶,要想直接回答什么是礼,看似简单,却也是一个很难的事情。

连奇书天地也不可能帮他回答这个问题,这个时候,方运只能根据自己这些日子的学习来回答。

“礼即规矩。”方运平静地回答。

无形的力量突然消失,方运低头一看,纸上的字还在,松了一口气,这说明已经过了经义这一科的第一关,可以正式考试。

方运刚坐下,听到不远处传来嚎啕大哭声,但那哭声突然消失,似乎被什么东西遮挡。

“看来是有人回答错误。或者因为第一次考经义而太紧张,精神起伏过大,导致失去考试资格。这科举考经义和自己在家写经义可不是一回事。”方运心里想着,把写着“非礼之礼”的纸页放在左上方,然后拿出一页白纸放在面前。

题目不过区区四个字,而一篇经义最多不过千字,可却要考整整一天,足以说明经义难写。

方运心想:“非礼之礼,仅仅从字面上解释,可以简单理解为不符合规矩的规范。而这个题目。是非常刁钻的截下题。”

“原句是‘非礼之礼,非义之义,大人弗为’,我要是只解释‘非礼之礼’,虽然不会‘犯下’。必然会落了下乘,写的再好。也不会有好成绩。要是涉及‘非义之义’。写的好了,自然能得到好的评等,可要是稍微有问题,那就是‘犯下’,直接归为最末的丁等,名落孙山。”

“别人为了避免出错。可以只写礼不写义,但我要争那茂才,就必须以礼为主,涉及到义。那么。我应该怎么破题,才能巧妙的把‘非礼之礼’和‘非义之义’联系起来,同时还要阐述好‘非礼之礼’?”

方运一时间被难住了,因为写经义不难,可写好了委实太难。

而且“非礼之礼,非义之义,大人弗为”这句话被不同的大儒作注解释,解释也各有不同。

其中‘非礼之礼,非义之义’的解释大同小异,可以解释为“不符合规范的规矩,不符合道义的义举”,但那“大人弗为”,有三种不同的解释,一种是“成年人不去做”,一种是“德高望重之人不去做”,一种是“地位高的人不去做”。

方运心想:“三种人不同,那么解释‘非礼之礼’的角度就不同,而之后举例论证的时候,所举的例子必然不同,一步错,步步错。就算三种解释都对,也必然有高下之分。”

方运以前读《孟子》和各种注疏的时候就考虑过,要解释“大人”二字,必须要联系前文。

“这句话的是《孟子离娄章句下》的第六节,而前面有个第五节,说的是国君应该讲究仁义,那么接下来的这句,显然不可能肤浅地认为大人是成年人,而说德高望重之人也不算呼应,明显是说地位高的人。”

“最重要的,‘非礼之礼’,明显是针对规矩的制定者和执行者,若是简单地把大人解释为成年人,那前文也可以写成‘非礼之举’等,而孟子是亚圣,既然说了‘非礼之礼’,必然会和‘非礼之举’有区别。”

方运思前想后,很快确定,这句话是孟子告诫那些规矩的制定者和执行者,不要去行使不符合规矩的规范,不要去做不符合道义的义举。

方运想到这里,突然拍掌大笑。

“吾知矣!”

“何为非礼之礼?既然是规矩,为什么会又不符合规范?所以,这四个字破题要,就是要先确定,礼在什么情况下是礼,而又在什么情况下不是礼!”

方运犹如得才气灌,眼前豁然开朗。

于是,方运开始努力思考。

很快,方运又被难住了,破题虽易,但立意又有高下之分。

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