第5178章 《学而》新解
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《论语》的开篇《学而》篇很短，只有十六章，每章不过几句话。更多小说ltxsba.com
方运持笔书写并念诵人人都熟知的第一章。
“子曰：‘学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？’”
方运诵完，便道：“本句之中，‘说’字通悦，发音也同悦，‘愠’对初学者来说算作生僻字，是生气的意思，所以要先注音。”
方运一边说着，先把这两个字的读音在纸页上标注，接着，开始进行训诂，也就是解释其中的文字和词语。
“在春秋时代，‘时’往往是指恰当的时间或一定的时候，随着语言变迁，时的意思更接近时常；‘习’同样如此，今多有学习温习之意，但在古代，更重实习、实行。而‘学’字，不仅仅是指学习，也可指完成学习……”
在训诂的过程中，按照惯例还要引用之前名家的解释并进行辨别讨论。
训诂之后，方运开始直译这句话，一边写一边道：“学习并在适当的时候实行，不也是很高兴吗？有朋友从远方来，不也很快乐吗？别人不了解我，我却不怨恨，不也是君子的行为吗？”
方运完全是用白话文和简体字来直译，这是为以后普及大众教育做准备，而且早就决定，以后自己若写书，定要一分为二，一份用白话文简体写，一份用文言文旧体写，如果能做到十几岁的孩子都能看懂，那便是最大的人道功德。
方运稍作停顿，扫视一众妖蛮，继续一边写一边道：“仅仅从字面上理解众圣经典的话，那便等于没读过，所以直译之后，应当再加意译。”
“学而时习之，不亦乐乎。习不仅有温习复习之意，还有实习实行之意，如君子六艺有礼、乐、射、御、书和数。学习了射箭的技巧，自然要去反复实践实习，仅仅温习书本上的知识，算不得‘习’。学习然后实习，就会感到高兴吗？”
“继续以射箭为例，老师教，我们学，随后我们自己拿弓箭‘练习’，也算习，但仅仅这样便会高兴吗？我想大多数人无法从中得到快乐，甚至会感到累，那么，是孔圣境界高所以不累吗？很明显并非如此，孔圣若学习射箭，那么他最高兴的应该是突然遇到外敌，手持弓箭去抗击敌人，只有这样才能发挥射的真正用途。我们也可以从另一个角度想，如果这样做是快乐，那学习后怎样会造成最不快乐？是学习后不温习功课？是学习后没有去练习？都不是，是学习之后，没有用武之地，白白学习，这才是让人最不高兴的。”
“所以这句话的意译便是：学习进而有所得，最后能让自己在恰当的时机一展所学，这不就是令人高兴的事吗？”
“接下来一句同理，如果仅仅是朋友远道而来，孔圣为何要特别说出来？为何要和前一句相连？很显然，这里的‘不亦乐乎’中的‘乐’，不是寻常的高兴。所以，这句话应该是说，有志同道合的朋友从远方来，一起交流，一起学习，在增进友谊之余，一起提高，同样有所收获。”
“若是与上一句形成语意的递进，那意译便另有新解：学有所成后，就算没能一展所学，有志同道合的人远道而来交流，发现吾道不孤，而且这位同道好友可能有机会代替自己去实现相同的抱负和所学，也算是弥补心中遗憾，不也是很快乐的事吗？”
“那么，那句‘人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎’，便可以水到渠成意译为：因为没有真正施展所学，不被他人知晓和理解，可即便是这样，我们的所学所得让我们不去生气，这便是良好的品德和修养，不就是达到君子的境界了吗？所以，孔子是在说，只要认真学习，或者有机会一展抱负，或者有志同道合的人去做这件事，或者让自己的修养得到提高，无论怎样都会有好处，没有坏处。”
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