第2189章 四书雏形
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《孟子》之中,有相当多的篇幅是诸王诸公向孟子请教治国之道,如鲁平公、齐宣王、滕文公等,《孟子》开篇第一句就是“孟子见梁惠王”,书中甚至多有当面批评和顶撞诸侯之言,这在《论语》中是少见的。
这虽然说明当时儒家更受诸侯尊重,说明孔子与孟子性格不同,但也说明一件事,孟子对宣扬自身政治主张的欲望更加强烈,直到屡次失败后才放弃,开始专心教书育人。
孔子曾经从小官吏一步一步走上鲁国要职,所以他虽然讲仁义,也谈政事,但非常节制,在诸侯面前把自己当臣子,周游列国更是在传播自己思想。
但孟子不同,他并没有像孔子一样有丰富的从政履历,虽然谈政事,但在君主面前把自己当老师,他也周游列国,但他更像是要当帝师来推销自己的思想。
一个传播,一个推销,自然有所不同。
在写《孟子新注》时,方运的态度和写《论语新注》不同。
在写《论语新注》的时候,方运几乎是倾其所有,知无不言,言无不尽。
但在写《孟子新注》的到时候,尤其涉及到政治方面的内容,方运则有所保留。
凡是涉及孟子的政治思想,方运大加称赞,尤其在民本等思想上,方运的意译引申往往都长篇累牍,着墨之重远胜其余三书。但凡是涉及具体的为政之法,方运大都一笔带过,不会肯定,但也不会否定,甚至连两头大妖王都看出来方运在故意避开。
鼠汰王曾经问过缘由,方运则微笑作答。
“为政之事,孟圣言之有理,行之不明,不如杂家远矣。”
鼠汰王与狼渊王轻轻点头,杂家起源是吕不韦,论政治手段,十个孟子加起来都不如一个吕不韦。
但是,鼠汰王敏锐地发现,“言之有理,行之不明”,用难听的话说便是孟子的想法是对的,但却很难施行,或者说,孟子没能为他的思想找到正确的、行之有效的道路,再严重一点,可以说方运在批判孟子说的那些为政之道是错的。
《论语新注》与《孟子新注》的写法差异极大,鼠汰王与狼渊王交流许久后毫无结果,要是请教方运原因。
“出葬圣谷后,便见分晓。”方运道。
两妖十分失望,但也对未来充满期待。
鼠汰王又问:“不知先生为何单单把《大学》与《中庸》从《礼记》中提取出来,如此郑重对待,实乃前所未有。”
方运道:“《礼记》纷杂,妍媸并存,《大学》与《中庸》如泥沙藏金,又分别为曾子与子思子之作,与孟圣同为亚圣,不可明珠蒙尘。”
“那如此一来,学生是学《大学中庸》,还是学《礼》?”鼠汰王诚心询问。
“进士以下,当学《大学》《中庸》,进士以上,可在五经中择一而专。”方运道。
鼠汰王恍然大悟,道:“我儒家弟子开枝散叶,天赋高低不均,《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》过于精深,往往皓首穷经方有所得。《大学》《中庸》《孟子》《论语》则是圣人亲口教诲,相较五经而言,浅显易懂,若专心精研,数年便可有成。如此一来,我儒家弟子初期便可快速成长,以免白白浪费了那文曲星光。”
“善。”方运颔首称赞。
.
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