VIP 第58章
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孙中山让位给袁世凯还有一个重要原因是袁世凯得到帝国主义的支持。武昌起义后，孙中山先生并没有急于回国。考虑到筹饷问题，他到各国游说，希望给以支持。但待他回国时，西方各国以中立之名，而行干涉之实。这样孙先生是两手空空回国，一个大洋也没有要到。袁世凯出山南下之初，英国公使朱尔典就认为；“袁此行形质大虽系军方，其实乃调和此事。以彼之声望，或能设以通融之法．以拯朝廷而令乱民之要求满意。”又说：“欲选一调和汉人者，除袁外，无更相宜而又为人信从者。”南京临时政府成立以后，孙中山等多次要求列强承认，且以承认不平等条约为先，但仍遭到无理拒绝。日本和俄国政府密谋带动各国不承认南京临时政府，它们提出“只要日俄两国能显示出强硬态度，对中国共和政府不子承认，其他列强亦不会急于承认．”它们还攻击孙中山“不知军事”，实行“独裁和寡头政治”。另一方面．列强继续承认和支持袁世凯支撑下的清政府，鼓吹袁是中国各派政治势力“唯一可以接受的领袖”。“现时孙之劲敌为袁，于大局最有希望而得最后之胜利，以底定中国者，亦唯袁一人而已”。列强表示，只有在袁世凯解决“南北争端”后，才可能承认中华民国，实际上是胁迫革命党人把园家政权拱手让给袁世凯，以换取列强对中国共和政体的承认。孙中山让位的客观原因在于
一是辛亥革命后呼唤一个强有力的人物来收拾局面，此人非袁世凯莫属
二是袁世凯在清末新政中政绩卓著，得到资产阶级的信任
三是帝国主义、资产阶级各阶层“拥袁弃孙”的一致倾向。
主观原因在于，
一是辛亥革命时期革命党人尚不具备掌握政权的思想准备，产生功成身退思想；
二是随着中华民国成立，革命党人认为满清已经推翻，民国已经建立，只剩建设问题；
三是孙中山为首的革命党人尚不具备管理国家的政治经验和才能。
辛亥革命爆发后，列强态度对中国政局的发展至关重要。以英国为首的列强为使其中国利益不受损害，表面上主张对中国革命实行保持中立的不干涉政策，实际上却竭力扶持袁世凯上台主政。袁世凯上台得到了列强在舆论、和谈、财政和外交四个方面的支持。
革命派流露出的民族主义情绪及其缺乏稳定政局的能力,使西方传教士感到其利益受到了一定威胁,态度逐渐发生变化并最终选择了袁世凯。
具体细节不妨参考此文：
首先，军事力量对比十分不利于南京临时政府。袁世凯控制着训练有素的北洋六镇7万多精兵，再加上仍然忠于清帝国的禁卫军和其他新军，总兵力达14万多人。而南京临时政府方面，号称革命的各色民军很多，绝大部分是会党乃至绿林队伍改编而成；虽然人数上远多于北方，武器装备、训练、指挥和纪律等都远逊于对方。用当时任总统府秘书长、协助孙中山综理全局的胡汉民的话来说是：“南京军队隶编于陆军部者，号称十七师，然惟粤、浙两军有战斗力。粤军不满万人……浙军将军，则素反对克强，不受命令……其他各部，乃俱不啻乌合，不能应敌。”
其次，经济力量对比悬殊，南京临时政府已到了难于支撑的边缘。双方在财政上都困难重重，但袁世凯出任清帝国内阁总理后毕竟仍牢牢控制着东北和华北大部，中央财政的基础仍在，原有的征税系统没有打乱，军费比较充足。于是，除了维持正常运作外，袁世凯竟有余力一再出手，拿出几十万乃至几百万两白银收买清帝国的王公大臣和革命党人。与此同时，身为临时大总统的孙文，却为维持临时政府所必需的经费在国内外频频伸手求援。他在私下谈话中坦率地承认：“倘近数日内，无足够之资金以解燃眉之急，则军队恐将解散，而革命政府亦将面临瓦解之命运……之所以断然实行汉冶萍日中合办，以取得五百万元资金者为此；此次又苦心焦虑，欲以招商局为担保，筹措一千万元借款者，亦为此。然而，虽经种种筹划，而时光荏苒，交涉迄无结果……于军队解散、革命政府崩溃之前，作为最后之手段，唯有与袁世凯缔结和议，以防天下大乱。”当时各省虽然纷纷宣布脱离清政府“独立”，但起义军、民团等急剧增加，支出浩繁，自顾不暇，不但无力支持中央政府，反而要求拨款。再加上关税收入被列强在“中立”的名义下冻结，临时政府在经济上显然已走进了死胡同。
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