第四十四章 序幕
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呼一声,几本书被扔到刘民有桌案上,刚刚赶回威海的陈新洋洋得意的道:“我给你挖到一个宝贝。最新地址ltxsba.fun”
刘民有暼一眼他,拿起一本书,上面写着“七克”两个大字,看了一页后奇怪的道:“这有啥用,我又不信教。”
陈新过来一看,随手就扔到地上,再看一本,又是《畏天爱人极论》,又扔到地上,终于看到一本《远西奇器图说录最》,递给刘民有,“这个才是,看看多少机械。”
刘民有认真看起来,他越看越眼睛发亮,等到放下书的时候,陈新得意道:“如何,这个人叫王徵,可是我费尽口舌挖来的。”
刘民有赞道:“真是人才,这些都是他写的?”
“这本《远西奇器图说录最》据说是一个叫邓玉函的传教士口述,王徵执笔写的。”
刘民有和陈新都没听过邓玉函,王徵经常提起的金尼阁他们也没有印象,其实邓玉函与利玛窦一样十分博学,而且来华之前已经是名满欧洲的科学家。他是瑞士人,在德国大学学习过数学、医学和哲学,通晓拉丁文、希伯来文、法文等八种语言,大约在万历后期的时候,又被选入罗马的山猫学院,意大利是文艺复兴的起源地,当时是欧洲近代科学的中心,最优秀的学者才能入选山猫学院,邓玉函是山猫学院第七名社员,他的前面一位就是大名鼎鼎的伽利略,邓玉函在那里交流到很多近代的科学知识和方法。与开普勒等人很熟悉,在欧洲科学界颇有名气。
后来他在里斯本碰到到处找图书的金尼阁,金尼阁当时准备在中国开一个教会图书馆,以推动天主教在中国的发展,于是邓玉函天启元年随金尼阁来华,王徵是天启五年认识他,然后便跟着龙华民、邓玉函等人研究西方学术和天主教。
明代对西学的宽容远远胜过后来的满清。在士大夫阶层是一种时尚,并不是少数人一时兴起的行为,邓玉函虽然也曾因为传播西方解剖学被礼部弹劾为妖学。但并未影响他的工作,甚至于历法这样重要的方面,明廷也接受西方的学术。崇祯二年的时候,崇祯皇帝专门开设历局,准备让这些传教士制定新的历法,邓玉函就一直在里面工作,可惜崇祯三年已经在北京病逝。
“能翻译成这样,已经十分难得了,你打算如何用这个王徵?”
陈新说道:“办个工坊,让他指导那些年轻工匠。。。”
“不,不,这么用不对。不能光做工匠的活,你看书里面。”刘民有翻开一页,“你看滑车解这几款解读,‘单滑轮用力力半可起重全’,五十七到六十款。则讲的是不同的轮半径和轴径比例下的用力,与咱们的工匠只知制器全然不同,这个滑轮咱们水师和屯堡也在用,知道能省力,但没有谁去研究到底能省多少力,更没人能写出来。这个就是差别。”
陈新其实根本没有细看,眨眨眼道:“那你说怎么用?”
刘民有没有直接答他,而是继续翻到前面,指着图画,“这页是解释的月食,虽然仍然是采用地心说,但把太阳、地球、月亮的位置标识得很清楚,‘地海合为一球,日过地则有影,影遇月则为月食’,已经有天体运动的认识,卷一里面的第二十七款所说‘每重垂线引长必到地心,所以每垂线之末必与地心相合’,虽然没有明确说明重力的来源,但已经有了地心引力的概念。此外还有勾股定律、拼音、水平面、水压、杆杆原理、齿轮、物体密度、起重、求三角形重心、求多面体重心。这个完全可以作为科学普及的教材。”
陈新试探道:“那,你打算。。。”
刘民有搓搓手,有点兴奋,“办个学校,就叫科技学校,我把有资质的学生和识字工匠选一批去学,不能局限于做机械,我再和这个王徵讨论一下,加一些初中的知识进去。”
他说完又去拿其他的书,其中一本《泰西人身说概》介绍了西方的人体解剖学,也是邓玉函所著,另外还有几本《新制诸器图说》、《测天约说》、《大测》、《西洋音诀》,刘民有都留了下来,其他的《西儒书》、《七克》之类的也扔到了一边。
里面最有用的还是《远西奇器图说录最》,总共分为三卷,前面两卷偏重于科学原理,第三卷则是西方的机械,光取水的工具就有虹吸、鹤饮、龙尾车、风车提水等,各类水力、风力、畜力机械都有,齿轮传动广泛运用,全书图文并茂,解说分明。
里面很多内容让刘民有对这个时代的科学水平有了重新认识,同时也为欧洲的进步感到惊讶,一名来华的传教士已经有如此丰富的知识,可以知道就科学理论而言,欧洲的发展已经远远超过了大明。
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