第三百八十二章 海洋
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龙江造船厂位于金陵西北三汊河附近,西接长江,东邻秦淮河,自洪武年间开始设立,已经存在了二十多年,累计建造大明三分之一的海船和河船,拥有当世最庞大的造船工匠和最成熟的技术积累。最新地址ltxsba.info
朱高炽登基为帝后,徐灏出于各种因素的考量,一反历史上朱棣大招旗鼓的作风,很低调的派人去督造海船,名义上是为了抵御倭寇和应南洋各属国的请求,打通朝贡航道。
整个船厂犹如一座小型城池,东西横阔一百三十八丈,南北纵长三百五十四丈,面积达五十余万平方米。
远在大连也有一座一模一样的造船厂正在兴建中,徐灏不希望因政治因素而造成技术传承上的断代,陆续招聘浙江、江西、湖广、福建及江苏的船户工匠数千人迁往辽东,又聘请龙江船厂的工匠师傅前去开设细木、油漆、捻揽等各种作坊和商铺等。
在航海理念上,尽管徐灏很希望看到历史上郑和宝船舰队浩浩荡荡的辉煌场面,也渴望率领将近三万海军纵横驰骋海洋,但是此种以整个国家为主导的方式,注定不管是谁来经营都会免不了“政亡人息”的结局。
是以徐灏很少对人谈及航海,绝对不会鼓吹什么“万国朝贡”,因为历史已经证明了,郑和下西洋的所谓丰功伟绩,不过是仅供后人凭吊赞叹的壮举而已,任何实质意义都没有,昙花一现即烟消云散了。
什么郑和时代的中国。真正承担了一个文明大国的责任,强大却不称霸,播仁爱于友邦,宣昭颁赏,厚往薄来,通通皆是自我陶醉的吹捧之言。真正意义就是打通了海外贸易路线,即使那早在唐宋时期就已经存在了千年之久。
当然面子工程总要做的,龙江造船厂出产的宝船将用于支持郑和下西洋。
此时徐灏站在通往龙江的溪口高台上,注视着可以开启的巨大石闸,造船时将水排出。关上闸门。近万匠人正日以继夜的建造闻名已久的海船巨舶,并排七座船坞可以同时建造十几艘各式海船。
附近与之相关的军营被改建成了航海学院,培养数万名本来就完成了七次下西洋的各种人才,而经过一年来的反复劝说。朱高炽终于下旨有限度的废除海禁。但前提是不能耗费国库过大。百姓不得大批迁往海外。
解缙等官员都对无与伦比的宝船发出频频赞叹,徐灏却对着沐皙沐毅等一干兄弟说道:“就在现在,百花的情报里提到西大陆的葡萄牙国也在君主的授意下。开始大规模的建造远洋战舰,一东一西为了探明整个世界。”
沐皙笑道:“或许日后会在海上遇上,到时叫夷人知道我大明的威风,非得让国主来朝见陛下不可。”
徐灏笑了笑说道:“我也希望如此。”
整洁肃穆的航海学院在整个大明总共有四所,除了龙江学院之外,一所依然位于山东威海,一个远在大连,最后一个则设置在福建泉州。
徐灏早在几年前就已经制定出了详细规划,可以说这些年赚的钱大多都用来投资于改良武器和进行航海的各方面准备上,不消说海洋贸易会产生的巨额回报,就算收不回成本那也是值得的,要最小限度的减少对于国库的依赖,尽可能不给文官借口反对。
历史上明朝采取以国家为主导的远洋朝贡,而欧洲诸国采用的是鼓励个人冒险,徐灏打算采取只做不说的方式,暗中鼓励明人去海外,表面上不支持也不反对。
开创学院大抵被列为五军都督府的管辖范围,当然出海就得经过兵部允许,帝王下旨后才能实行,不过小规模的巡视海岸相当于练兵,也属于都督府的权利范围之内。
学院里设立了观象台,网罗各地精通于地理和地图绘制的人才,聘请知名的数学大家和天文历法世家出身之人,这些人才除了教授学问外,都被授予参谋教授等官职,领取俸禄以提高其积极性。
徐灏命各方贤才一同研究和制定计划,在朝廷开始准备编撰洪熙大典的同时,派出人员广泛收集地理、气象、信风、海流、造船、航海等各种文献资料,为了预防因火灾或人为因素导致的资料被毁,所有文本一律复制多份,分别收藏在各地学院的图书馆内。
收集整理历朝历代的地图,培训相关人员绘制新式地图,对指南针等航海仪器进行改良,完善适合在海洋上航行的大型船只,在传统四角风帆的基础上,提出了三桅帆船的概念,使得无论顺风逆风只需调整帆的角度即可,不再太过依赖于风向。
密封舱等技术皆是中国的独创发明,徐灏针对明朝有能力建造千吨级别大型海船的基础上,制定了主力远洋战舰的标准。
采用三桅风帆战列舰的设计理念,一级战舰造型首昂尾翘,航行相对迅速,不惧风浪,主桅高四丈,船长二十余丈,船舱五层,船面设楼高如城,可容纳船员三百人,三层炮甲板,配备各式火炮六十八门,排水量一千吨,此乃大明未来水师的主力炮舰,现今考虑到成本和技术因素,只建造了两艘。
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