书名:大学 作者:不详
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
所谓治国必先齐其家者，其家不可教而能教人者，无之。故君子不出家而成
教于国。孝者，所以事君也；弟者，所以事长也；慈者，所以使众也。《康诰》
曰：“如保赤子。”心诚求之，虽不中不远矣。未有学养子而后嫁者也。一家仁，
一国兴仁；一家让，一国兴让；一人贪戾，一国作乱：其机如此。此谓一言偾事，
一人定国。尧、舜率天下以仁，而民从之。桀、纣率天下以暴，而民从之。其所
令反其所好，而民不从。是故君子有诸己而后求诸人，无诸己而后非诸人。所藏
乎身不恕，而能喻诸人者，未之有也。故治国在齐其家。《诗》云：“桃之夭夭，
其叶蓁蓁。之子于归，宜其家人。”宜其家人，而后可以教国人。《诗》云：
“宜兄宜弟。”宜兄宜弟，而后可以教国人。《诗》云：“其仪不忒，正是四国。”
其为父子兄弟足法，而后民法之也。此谓治国在齐其家。
所谓平天下在治其国者，上老老而民兴孝，上长长而民兴弟，上恤孤而民不
倍，是以君子有絜矩之道也。
所恶于上，毋以使下，所恶于下，毋以事上；所恶于前，毋以先后；所恶于
后，毋以从前；所恶于右，毋以交于左；所恶于左，毋以交于右；此之谓絜矩之
道。
《诗》云：“乐只君子，民之父母。”民之所好好之，民之所恶恶之，此之
谓民之父母。《诗》云：“节彼南山，维石岩岩。赫赫师尹，民具尔瞻。”有国
者不可以不慎，辟则为天下僇矣。《诗》云：“殷之未丧师，克配上帝。仪监于
殷，峻命不易。”道得众则得国，失众则失国。
是故君子先慎乎德。有德此有人，有人此有土，有土此有财，有财此有用。
德者本也，财者末也。外本内末，争民施夺。是故财聚则民散，财散则民聚。是
故言悖而出者，亦悖而入；货悖而入者，亦悖而出。
《康诰》曰：“惟命不于常。”道善则得之，不善则失之矣。
《楚书》曰：“楚国无以为宝，惟善以为宝。”舅犯曰：“亡人无以为宝，
仁亲以为宝。”
《秦誓》曰：“若有一个臣，断断兮无他技，其心休休焉，其如有容焉。人
之有技，若己有之；人之彦圣，其心好之，不啻若自其口出。实能容之，以能保
我子孙黎民，尚亦有利哉！人之有技，媢嫉以恶之；人之彦圣，而违之，俾不
通：实不能容，以不能保我子孙黎民，亦曰殆哉！”唯仁人放流之，迸诸四夷，
不与同中国。此谓唯仁人为能爱人，能恶人。见贤而不能举，举而不能先，命也；
见不善而不能退，退而不能远，过也。好人之所恶，恶人之所好，是谓拂人之性，
菑必逮夫身。是故君子有大道，必忠信以得之，骄泰以失之。
生财有大道，生之者众，食之者寡，为之者疾，用之者舒，则财恒足矣。仁
者以财发身，不仁者以身发财。未有上好仁而下不好义者也，未有好义其事不终
者也，未有府库财非其财者也。孟献子曰：“畜马乘不察于鸡豚，伐冰之家不畜
牛羊，百乘之家不畜聚敛之臣。与其有聚敛之臣，宁有盗臣。”此谓国不以利为
利，以义为利也。长国家而务财用者，必自小人矣。彼为善之，小人之使为国家，
菑害并至。虽有善者，亦无如之何矣！此谓国不以利为利，以义为利也。
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