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第七百七十五章 顶级料器(续)

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除了国外请来的那几位技术高超的画珐琅工匠之外,还有一些国内的工人同样也受雇于御用玻璃厂,据记载他们大概来自我国的两处著名的玻璃制造中心,鲁省博山和岭南,这其中博山在元代时期就已开始生产玻璃。最新地址ltxsba.pw

而且,康熙清宫档案还记载了御用玻璃厂中两名岭南籍工匠的名字,他们为程向贵及其家中学徒周俊,据载他们于1709年进宫,1715年返回岭南。

清宫档案亦记载另外两名欧洲传教士对玻璃厂建树良多,一为法兰西耶稣会士纪文,他于1740年来到华夏,在进入修院前,他已是玻璃及水晶工匠。

他以钟表匠及玻璃匠身份来华,乾隆皇帝令他效命于圆明园玻璃作,专门生产不同颜色及质料的玻璃、欧洲式玻璃,以及宫廷使用及陈设的华丽装饰玻璃。

另一位耶稣会士玻璃匠汤执中亦来自法兰西,他出生于鲁昂,1727年进入巴黎的修道院,1730年曾往加拿大,1735年返国,1740年才启程到华夏。

他曾在鲁昂的玻璃坊工作,可能是皇家作坊,擅长制造玻璃片。1741年他抵达华夏,即奉诏于蚕池口玻璃厂工作,为期逾两年。

根据乾隆时期的档案记载,那些玻璃器应该都先在蚕池口的工厂完成烧造及吹制玻璃的工序,随后再到圆明园作坊再进行彩绘。圆明园作坊是制作最精美玻璃器之所,亦受皇帝亲自监督。

现在,楚琛可以肯定包括自己手中这件笔筒在内的若干相关的存世玻璃器。应该都是于1736至1758年间乾隆朝玻璃制作鼎峰期间由圆明园作坊绘饰。

这一点,从现在英伦大维德爵士珍藏的几件料胎画珐琅器。就可以看得出来。

比如,他手中的这件笔筒。和大维德珍藏的那几件山水画料器,以画技来看,风格的绘画的技艺方面基本没多少差别。由此也可以看出,这些笔筒虽不是出自同一画师的手笔,但应在同一作坊彩绘。

另外,大维德珍藏的料胎画珐琅器都磨琢出双方框四字楷书款,一些刻字内留着蓝彩痕迹。而楚琛手中的笔筒也同样如此。

把玩欣赏着手中的笔筒,楚琛内心一直赞叹不已,从整休来看。这只笔筒的高度虽然只有7.2厘米,但笔筒上的山水却表现的淋漓尽致。

其中在笔触上也极好的表现出多样的技法,山石的皴笔层次清晰,树木依种类不同或用点簇或用夹叶。彩墨结合,以墨笔为骨干,以青绿为主调,间杂些许鲜红,由于釉料的缘故色彩比之绘画又多了一分鲜亮明快。

其构图疏密得体,层次分明。景物错落有致,颇得章法,笔触运用自然灵活,渲染皴擦。格调清新,别具艺术魅力,整体画风富有清代宫廷山水画惯有的严谨富丽。文雅含蓄的特点,令人观之悦目。赏玩不尽。

除了料胎和绘画上体现出来的高超技艺之外,因为当年的历史原因。也为这种料胎珐琅器增添了不少价值。

当年,随着汤执中和纪文这两位外国专家在1757至1758年相继去世,这门技术在1758年以后就开始走下坡。到了乾隆二十五年也就是1760年后御广产量骤减,工匠们再没有像早期时的创新意念,也再没出产如楚琛手中这件笔筒一样的精品。

而因为料胎画珐琅,这门技术要求极高,在1736至1758年间的制作鼎峰期间,楚琛手中的这样的精品,其实并没有生产多少件。如此种种,这么一件稀世精品,就算不能说是价值连城,也算得上是众多藏家可遇不可求的珍宝。

而这么一件价值不菲的珍品,楚琛现在就有些想不明白,沃伦为什么会把它就这么放在博古架上,难道不成他把这件笔筒当成是赝品了?

这也不对啊!就算他这两天不是请其他专家来鉴定过了吗?难道这么一件有一眼的珍宝,专家都会当成是赝品?

“难道是?”

正当楚琛想到了其中的一个可能时,站在旁边的沃伦就笑着说道:“楚,这件笔筒漂亮吧?”

“确实不错!”楚琛笑着点了点头,随后问道:“沃伦先生,冒昧的问一句,不知道您这件笔筒是哪得到的?”

沃伦笑着回道:“这是有一次,我帮朋友一个忙,对方送给我的。怎么样,很像是大维德爵士珍藏的真品吧?我告诉你,不单单是你,前天我请来的一位专家看到这件笔筒时,一开始也非常惊讶,后来他仔细看过后才说是赝品,不过也还是大加赞赏,说是仿的非常出色……”

说到这里,沃伦马上反应过来,有些不好意思的向楚琛笑了笑,虽说他请专家的事,双方都心知肚明,但当面说出来,多少对楚琛有些不那么尊重。

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