第九百一十二章 徐渭手稿
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楚琛适时的开口道:“爸,这几本古籍保存的这么严实,不会是《四声猿》的原稿吧?”
“很有可能!”吴叔等人都郑重而惊主喜的点了点头。
“可是《四声猿》不是只有四部戏剧吗?怎么这里有五册古籍?”吴可开口问道。
“这只能让小琛把剩下几本拆开来才知道了,我先看看这本……”
说着,吴叔找来一柄放大镜,随后从封面到内容,逐字逐句的开始仔细观察。趁此期间,楚琛也把剩下的四本古籍一一从油纸里取了出来。
这时,方进波有些尴尬的问道:“齐大哥,这《四声猿》到底是谁的作品啊?”
齐保福闻言微微一愣,随后笑问道:“你是不是对明代的名人不太熟悉?”
方进波有些惭愧的回道:“我也看过几个人的生平。不过并没有仔细看。”
“不急,慢慢来!”齐保福拍了拍他的肩膀。说道:“不过,这《四声猿》的作者。可是相当的有名,你应该也知道,他就是明代的大文人徐渭徐文长。”
徐渭,明代杰出书画家、家,山阴人。初字文清,改字文长,号天池山人,或署田水月、青藤老人、青藤道人等别号。他在诗文、书法、戏曲、绘画上均有独特造诣,著有《徐文长集》、《路史分释》、《四声猿》等。传世著名作品有《墨葡萄图》轴、《山水人物花鸟》册等。
徐渭少年时即以文名享时誉,但自20岁中秀才后,在科举方面却一直很不顺利,又性气高傲,蔑视传统,不为“礼法”所拘,故每为道学家们所摈斥。
他胸怀大志,参加过嘉靖年间东南沿海的抗倭斗争,后因胡宗宪案受到牵连,深受刺激,一度发狂。精神失常。他一生遭遇十分坎坷,可谓“落魄人间”。晚年虽潦倒不堪,贫病交加,以卖诗、文、画糊口。却不肯为权贵作书作画,亦可以看出他的气节。
“啊!原来是他的作品!”方进波惊呼了一声。
齐保福接着说道:“不但是他的作品,还是四出非常精彩的戏剧作品。可以说开创了以南曲作杂剧的新写法。从内容、精神到形式,都给当时和后世的剧坛带来了积极影响。此外。《四声猿》在语言上还具有清新活泼、流畅优美的特点。曲词宾白,感情饱满。机趣横生。”
方进波挠了挠头,讪讪一笑道:“我只知道他书法、绘画、诗词都非常出色,另外在军事也非常出众,至于戏剧我还真不太清楚。”
“那是你对徐渭不太了解嘛,以后多了解一下就知道了。”
齐保福呵呵一笑道:“其实除了《四声猿》之外,他还写过一本论述南戏的专著《南词叙录》,这是宋元明清四代,唯一的一部研究南戏的专著,在我国戏曲理论批评史上的贡献是不可低估的……”
此时,楚琛正好又把一本古籍取了出来,大家一看封面,赵学义就哈哈大笑道:“说曹操曹操就到,这一本还就是《南词叙录》。”
朱大富笑着说道:“我估计剩下这三本应该就是《四声猿》剩余的部分了,看来收藏这几本古籍的,应该是位戏迷啊!”
大家笑呵呵的点头表示同意。
这时,吴叔站起身来,长舒了一口气,笑着对楚琛说道:“你小子命真好,虽然我不知道其它四本是不是真迹,不过我这一本,我觉得应该就是徐渭的手稿。不过,从字里行间也可以发现,徐渭在写戏剧的时候心情很不平静,很可能是在咬牙切齿的状态下,把东西给写完的。”
《四声猿》由四剧组合而成,即《狂鼓史渔阳三弄》、《玉禅师翠乡一梦》、《雌木兰替父从军》、《女状元辞凰得凤》。《四声猿》的取名应取自巴东三峡民谣“猿鸣三声泪沾裳”,意思是猿鸣三声足以堕泪,何况四声。
其中《狂鼓史渔阳三弄》讲的是,三国祢衡死后在阴间骂曹操的情节,实际是借曹操来影射当时的奸相严嵩。《玉禅师翠乡一梦》揭露了当时官场与佛门的尔虞我诈和禁欲主义丧失人性的虚伪本质。
《雌木兰替父从军》讲的是木兰出征经过,到凯旋、出嫁的情节都是作者的创造。最后《女状元辞凰得凤》刻画了才华出众的女状元黄崇嘏(qu)乔装男子,安邦定国,只因暴露女儿身,满腹才华葬送闺阁的艺术形象。
这四出戏,既表达了徐渭对社会的抨击,其中也包含着他现实中一些愤恨和无奈。
比如,《狂鼓史》一戏,就是由于他最亲近的友人沈鍊就因参劾严嵩而遭到杀害而写的。但因为他的地位,也只能以戏剧来暗讽刺,就凭他偏激的性格,怎么会不抑郁和愤恨?
朱大富摇头一叹道:“哎!徐渭一生也算是天妒英才了!”
吴叔说道:“虽然是天妒英才,不过,如果没有他这样的经历,很可能也不会出现这样的大文人吧。”
吴可摇了摇头道:“话虽然这么说,不过如果没有这样坎坷的经历,不是更好一些吗?而且我发现,明代的几个名人,一生的遭遇都相当的坎坷,就比如唐寅,比徐文长也好不了多少。”
文保福感叹道:“这或许就是古代名人的通病吧,苏东坡一生不也挺坎坷的。”
“算了,还是不说这事了,搞的气氛这么压抑!”
朱大富摆了摆手,随后就有些激动的说道:“小琛就是运气好,连这样的东西都能得到。如果真是徐文长的手稿,先不说他本身的价值,对戏剧界来说,也是一个非常重大的发现啊!老吴,快把它给我看看……”(未完待续。。)
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