第一千零五十章 木版水印
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“因为材质。”
说着，楚琛把卷轴拿到手中，说道：“你们看，这幅绢本看起来非常疏朗，光洁度也很差，说明这是用一梭一丝一压紧的操作方法织出来的，试问，又有多少人舍得用手工绢来作假？”
说着，他又拿出放大镜仔细观察，随后说道：“而且绢本的经线用的是双丝绢，纬线是单丝，绢丝粗细均匀，织得也紧密，这应该是明代绢本的特征。另外……总而言之，我认为这应该是一幅明代的绢本画，而且绢的质量非常高。”
听了楚琛的解释和结论，陈大爷夫妇不禁目瞪口呆。什么意思，难道这是不是赝品，真的像楚琛说的那样，是幅仿作？
郑秋达也显得非常诧异，过了片刻，他说道：“小楚，可是刚才大爷说过，明明和真迹一模一样，要说这是揭二层，但这明明是绢本画，想揭也揭不出来啊？”
见大家都看着自己，楚琛哈哈一笑：“老郑，你难道忘记‘木版水印’了？”
“对啊，我怎么忘记还有这种工艺了！”郑秋达拍了拍自己的脑门。
陈大爷连忙问道：“楚老师，什么是木版水印啊？”
楚琛笑着解释道：“木版水印字画是我国特有的复制工艺。它集绘画、雕刻和印刷为一体，根据水墨渗透原理显示笔触墨韵，既可用以创作体现自身特点的艺术作品，也可逼真地复制各类字画。”
说起来，木版水印字画在我国具有悠久的历史。远在唐代，单色木版印刷已经具有相当水平。明末出现“饾版”、“拱花”等套色叠印，表明技术有了更大的进步。
由于这项工艺始终基于手工进行，所以我国目前纯粹作为文化遗产予以继承和发展。从经济的角度来说，这是不惜工本的，但从取得的成果来说是巨大的。
楚琛接着说道：“木版水印字画的制作是一个极为专业，也极富创造性的过程，它分为勾描、刻板、水印、装裱这四个步骤，前三个步骤就是重之中重，而且非常的费工费时。”
“它不仅涉及制作人员把握原作的素养，也涉及其描绘、雕刻功底。在套色印刷时，更涉及制作人员的精湛技巧，材质、颜料、水分，甚至气温、湿度，稍有掌握不慎，都会导致前期劳动白费。”
“正因为如此，一幅木版水印字画的制作成功率相当低，以明代胡正言《十竹斋书画谱》为例，光一套木版就耗费了几十个专业人员前后十年的劳动，堪称工程浩大，投入不菲。此外，一套木版的使用次数也相当有限，通常情况下，整套有效使用不过百余次。”
听到这里，陈大爷就说道：“那也就是说，如果我这幅画是木版水印字画的话，很可能现在还存有不少幅，但如果真有的话，也早就传出来的吧？”
楚琛说道：“我是说使用次数不下百余次，但只印了一次或者几次也是有可能的。您要知道，赵佶的《柳鸦芦雁图》虽然分为上下两部分，不过在明代那会都是内府收藏的，不是皇帝本身或者皇族，怎么可能拿出来水印？”
“而对这些人来说，做许多事情往往都不惜工本，就算刻好了模板，只用一次就丢掉也是再正常不过的事情了。而且您说和沪市博物馆收藏的一模一样，不也正好证明水印模板的制作水平高吗？这更能够从侧面证明这一点了。”
听了楚琛的解释，陈大爷激动的搓着手，兴奋的连连点头道：“是啊！是啊！我怎么就没想到这一点呢！”
老太太说道：“行了，你心脏不好，就别激动了，还是先看看到底对不对吧。”
“刚才楚老师都说是明代的绢本画了，肯定错不了！”
陈大爷哈哈笑着把桌子小心的清理了一下，随后戴上手套，小心的展开了画卷。
只见，前段表现的为楼鸦在柳树上休息喜戏的场景，柳和鸦采用没骨画法，设色浅淡，构图洗练。粗壮的柳根，细嫩的枝条，姿貌丰腴的楼鸦画得都很精细工整。楼鸦双双休息喜戏，形态自在安详。点睛用生漆，更显得神采奕奕。画面在黑白对比和疏密穿插上取得了很大成功。
后段为四只芦雁在芦草蓼花边栖息，以浅赭设色，增强了秋天萧疏的气氛。组合起来，正是著名的宋徽宗赵佶所作《柳鸦芦雁图》。
随后，楚琛连忙拿起放大镜一点点的仔细观察起来，足足二十多分钟后，他才长舒了一口气，面带笑容的点头道：“对，确实是‘木版水印’制作的，而且水平非常高超，在当时，应该不是一般的工匠所能做得出来的。”(未完待续……)
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