第六十三章 八仙庵
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瓦当又称"瓦头",指的是陶制筒瓦端下垂的特定部分。瓦,即具有圆弧的陶片,用于覆盖屋;所谓“当”,据解释:“当,底也,瓦覆檐际者,正当众瓦之底,又节比于檐端,瓦瓦相盾,故有当名”。
瓦当主要功能作用是防水、排水,保护木构的屋架部分,不过除了这些之外,瓦当上面还有各种纹饰,同时也增加了建筑的美观。
现在考古发现,最早的瓦当出现在周朝,而当时瓦当上面的纹饰,则多为兽面纹,而随着时间的推移,纹饰的种类越来越多。到秦代时,瓦当纹饰取材广泛,山峰之气、禽鸟鹿獾、鱼龟草虫皆有,图案写实,简明生动。
而瓦当的制作工艺的最高峰,应为汉代,其纹饰题材有四神、翼虎、鸟兽、昆虫、植物、云纹、文字及云与字、云与动物等。
同时也出现了以瓦当心rǔ钉分隔画面的布局形式。带字瓦当有一字至十二字不等,内容有吉祥语如“长乐未央”、“长生未央”、“与天无极”等,也有标明建筑物名称与用途的纹饰。
而汉代之后,魏晋南北朝时期的瓦当当面较小,纹饰以卷云纹为主,文字瓦当锐减。在唐代,莲花纹瓦当最常见,文字瓦当几乎绝迹。宋代开始用兽面纹瓦当,明清多用蟠龙纹瓦当。
“几位,我这可是清一sè的汉瓦,各种样式和种类的都有,中意的话,价钱好商量,而且量大从优。”地摊老板看到楚琛介绍完了瓦当之后,立刻接上了话。
文玉婷见此,嗤之以鼻的说道:“我说老板,您也太没眼sè了吧,你也不想想,我们可是女孩子,这东西买回去,有什么作用?”
地摊老板就笑道:“这瓦当你们买来玩确实有些不合适,不过这不是还有瓦当砚吗?这可是文房四宝之一,正合适你们这样的文化人,你说是不?”
瓦当砚,俗称瓦头砚。秦汉时建筑宫殿用的砖瓦,多采用澄泥制法,后来有人用这些砖瓦改制为砚。唐朝吴融曾在《古砚瓦赋》中描述:“无谓乎柔而无刚,土埏而为瓦;勿谓乎废而不用,瓦断而为砚”。
听了老板这番话,文玉婷才注意到一边还有一些各式各样,长的圆呼呼挺可爱的砚台,顿时就有些意动起来。
楚琛在一边就笑道:“老板,您还真是能说会道,如果您这东西好,咱买回去也无妨,而且不瞒您说,咱们还是同行,不过我在京城潘家园。”
老板一听,感情还是同行啊,同行好啊,虽然赚的少,不过量大啊,顿时就多了几分热情,笑道:“哟,没想到今天还遇到京城的同行了,我话也不多说,瓦当怎么样,您看一看就知道,还是那句话,量大从优。”
楚琛对瓦当到是持无所谓的态度,不过周文平确实对这些瓦当确实比较感兴趣,因为这些瓦当粗一看,到真的像是老板介绍的那样,比较jīng致,如果价格合适,拿回京城,这趟回家的路费至少就可以赚回来了。
于是一群人开始挑挑拣拣起来,不过瓦当这边,就只有楚琛和周文平,其他人则都在瓦当砚的那一边。而楚琛挑拣这些瓦当,一来是为了增加一些知识,二来也是给周文平挑选一些jīng品。
等瓦当挑的差不多了,楚琛就来到瓦当砚的这边,看看其他人的挑选。
瓦当砚其实是属于澄泥砚,不过自从有了青花瓷之后,以青花瓷制作的形状如同瓦当的砚台,也多了起来,所以这里的砚台也分为这两类。
而楚琛的四位同伴,也男女分成了两边,男的都在挑选澄泥砚,说是喜欢造型古朴,而青花那边就就不用说了,女孩一般都比较喜欢清雅。
当楚琛转移到这边的时候,李国栋正在和侯元明讨论,他手中的两个砚台,到底要选哪个砚台比较好,见楚琛过来之后,李国栋马上问他的意见。
楚琛接过砚台观察了一番,发现这两块瓦当砚价值其实差不多,只不过一块是正面平素无纹的云纹瓦当砚,另一块则是
“益延寿”瓦当砚,正面是残形的,看起来有一丝韵味。
“这两块其实差不多,关键看你的喜欢了,是喜欢平素的,还是喜欢有造型的,这就要你自己选了。”这种情况,只能看他自己的意思,于是楚琛就实话实说。
李国栋闻言之后,还是很纠结,于是又做起了心理斗争。
楚琛见此就笑道:“不就两块砚台嘛,都是工艺品,也不贵,喜欢就都买回去呗。”
李国栋一想,还真是,又不是什么贵重东西,有什么好纠结,顿时决定,都买了。而侯元明见此,也失笑着摇了摇头,他刚才也是有些绕糊涂了。
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