第两百五十八章 好消息
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雒阳铲的发明者是雒阳当地的盗墓人。更多小说ltxsba.com自上个世纪初以来,神奇的雒阳铲,使得我国古墓葬最集中的雒阳邙山地区十墓九空,众多文物大量外流。雒阳铲由此恶名远播。
不过任何事物都有两面性,雒阳铲的发明,到也不是没有好的一面。
著名的考古学家卫聚贤在1928年目睹盗墓者使用雒阳铲的情景后,便运用于考古钻探,在我国著名的殷墟、偃师商城等古城址的发掘过程中,发挥了重要作用。如今,学会使用洛阳铲来辨别土质,是每一个考古工作者的基本功。
秦教授见大家对雒阳铲很感兴趣,于是就拿起一把雒阳铲给大家讲解起来:
“咱们一般常见的雒阳铲铲夹宽有2寸,宽成u字半圆形,铲上部装长柄雒阳铲虽然看似半圆,其实形状是不圆也不扁,最关键的是成型时弧度的打造。”
“如果是一把好的洛阳铲打制完毕,再装上富有韧性的腊木杆并且接上特制的绳索,装上富有韧性的木杆后,就可以打入地下十几米,甚至几十米深处,铲子提起之后,铲头内面会带出一筒土壤。”
“这样不断向地下深钻,我们会对提取的不同土层的土壤结构、颜色、密度和各种包含物进行分析,如果是经过后人动过的五花土,地下就可能有墓葬或古建筑。”
李蓓蓓饶有兴致的试着手中的雒阳铲,听到这里时,就好奇的问了一句道:“秦教授。什么叫做五花土啊?”
秦教授笑着解释道:“古人建造一座洞室墓,要在地面挖开一个长方形的口子。向下挖掘数米深,横向掏窑洞。殡埋后。封堵墓门,将挖上来的散乱地堆于地面的自然土,填入墓道,层层打夯。”
“自然土经过开挖和回填二次翻搅,打乱原有层次、颜色界限,变成了揉合多种土层的花土,这就是五花土或者叫大花土,这种土,即使年代久远。也不能化合。”
“除了五花土之外,如果在泥土里面发现有陶瓷、铁、铜、金、木质物,我们就可以推断地下藏品的性质和布局。”
“另外我们一些经验丰富的工作人员,可以凭借雒阳铲碰撞地下发出的不同声音和手上的感觉,便可判断地下的情况,比如夯实的墙壁和中空的墓室、墓道肯定大不一样。”
听了秦教授的解释,大家了然的了头,此时,楚琛观察了一下地上的探孔。问道:“秦教授,这些探孔是不是有什么具体的要求,我看这里好像挺有规律的。”
秦教授笑着说道:“这当然还是有要求的,像我们这样。一般会根据需要钻探面积的大小,组织一定人数的钻探队,在指定的范围内先进行普探。”
“普探的流程一般是在地面上布普探。要求是无论纵横,每隔一米打一个眼。形成方格网状。另外在每个方格中心,也要打孔。也就是在一平方米范围内的四个眼的中心打一个孔。这个中心孔俗称“梅花”。”
“这样,使得每个孔的最近距离都在一米之内,探孔密集,以确保不漏问题。然后派技术员专人检查在普探过程发现的有疑的孔,探寻问题的范围直径,卡边形。”
秦教授为大家介绍过工作流程之后,又让工作人员给大家示范了一下动作,于是楚琛和李蓓蓓就饶有兴致的按工作人员示范的动作,使用起雒阳铲来。
不过有些东西看着容易,但具体做起来,就困难重重了。
楚琛到还好说,他有过目不忘的本领,动手能力也很强,试了几次下来,就做的有模有样了,让秦教授见了,笑赞他是天生的考古工作者。
而另一边的李蓓蓓,表现无疑差了许多,她因为拿铲姿势不够标准,以及个人使用习惯等方面的原因,经常把孔给打歪了,于是旁边的工作人员,就一直不停的对她进行纠正,不过就算这样,她打的孔还是有歪。
经常打出歪孔,再加上姿势不够标准使的手掌磨的很疼,这让李蓓蓓心中很泄气,不过她看到旁边的楚琛已经使用的很熟练了,而且还不时受到秦教授的夸奖,这让她觉得很不服气,于是就一直咬牙坚持着。
两个相距不到一米的探孔,二人同时向下打探,一个垂直孔,一个歪斜孔,那么,在七八米的深处,歪孔就会与直孔交会,两把铲头碰到一起。这种情况虽然并不多见,但也不是没有。
特别是对一些新人来说,就算受了指导,这种情形还是会有发生。
像现在的情况就是这样,只见楚琛和李蓓蓓两人同时下铲,不过楚琛的力气大,先到了底部,而李蓓蓓那把铲子紧随其后,接着两人就觉得手一振。
楚琛到还好,只是感到有什么东西击打在了他的雒阳铲上。
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