第二百零五章 青州教育（二）
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几位宗师兴致上来，连辨数日，才因为体力不支而意犹未尽的停下来。龙腾小说ltxsba.com这时，才想起刘备这个青州之主，一齐来找刘备。问他葫芦里究竟卖得是什么药。
刘备在府邸亲自接待了诸人。笑着向郑玄等人说起自己意欲召集大儒贤士，于青州设立学府，以促进青州的教育事业发展。
兴教劝学？众人听了精神一振，在汉代，从朝廷到士大夫阶层，都是非常重视学政的。从朝廷到地方，都有专门的官员负责教育这一块。太常卿下有博士祭酒，率领博士十数人，掌教弟子兼在国有疑事时，掌承问对。又有太学，内设五经博士，专门负责讲经。而地方从州到郡县，都有典学从事，劝学郎中等职，专司教化。
士大夫们出任地方，获得政绩的亮之一，很大程度在于治下出了多少人才，每年举荐的孝廉、茂才等各常科、特科贤才有多少。
而远离庙堂，处江湖之远的儒者们，更是对学术传承热诚得很。为什么呢？因为这涉及到道统之争。这是一个很要命的事情。
因秦之乱，儒学传承在汉时并不完整。因此发展成古文、今文两大流派。什么是今文，什么是古文。简单来说，用汉隶书就的经书，便是今文。而汉以前，篆书、石鼓文等书就的经书≥，..，就是古文。许慎在《说文解字序》中就说了：及宣王太史籀著大篆十五篇，与古文或异。至孔子书六经，左丘明述《春秋传》，皆以古文，厥意可得而说。就像后世，楷书人人都认得，你写甲骨文和篆书，很多人便不认得一样。古文在汉时，也有许多读书人搞不清楚的。
在汉时，不断有人从墙壁的夹壁，还有出土的器物上发现古文经书传承。甚至还有不少人伪造。儒生们在学习、解经时，因为水平的高低不一，导致出现了许多妄说，以致引发了经义混乱。从政治、教育方面看，今文学派是由显而贵、由贵而尊、由尊转繁；古文学派是由藏而现，由现而明，由明而争。于是，两大学派开始掐架了，从西汉到东汉，延绵数百年，一直到后世还在争吵不休。
今文与古文最大的区别就是，今文学派崇奉孔子，觉得孔子是哲学家、教育家，孔子“托古改制”而作六经。而古文学派崇奉周公，觉得孔子是史学家，孔子“信而好古，述而不作”，六经是古代史料……两大流派在礼制、历史、官制等各方面，都有争议，一直以来就争吵不休。
西汉盛行今学、东汉盛行古学。两汉之际，刘向、刘歆父子对古文经传的校理，发挥了极大的作用。当时的古文经传并未入官学传承体系。刘歆为了将《左氏春秋》、《毛诗》、古文《尚书》等列于学官，于汉哀帝建平元年向天子上疏，于是引发了历史上的第一次今古学大争论。
当时的天子汉哀帝见了奏章，让刘歆与五经博士讲论其义，结果刘歆大名鼎鼎，诸博士不肯置对。刘歆无奈，又求见当时的丞相孔光，结果丞相也不帮忙。于是刘歆便写了一篇雄文《让太常博士书》给博士们看。此文全面的从经传的源头、流变，今文的兴盛和古文的发现，今文学者的学理缺陷和古文经传的合理性等诸方面进行了阐述。全文以史实与学理立论，辞锋理足，锐气凌人。结果此文一出，诸儒皆怨。各大儒们无法从学术上压制刘歆，便开始从政治上打压了。诸儒要么是求乞骸骨、要么是指责刘歆改乱旧章，非毁先帝所立……于是刘歆黯然离京。
东汉初年，光武皇帝时，爆发了一次更大规模的今、古争论。先是建武二年尚书令韩歆上书，请为《费氏易》、《左氏春秋》立博士。结果诏下其议后就没声响了，然后在建武四年，公卿、大夫、博士等朝会于云台，结果光武帝不知怎的就想起二年前的旧事来，于是令博士范升说说意见。
范升便说：“《左氏》不祖孔子，而出于丘明，师徒相传，又无其人，且非先帝所存，无因得立。”
好么，惹了众怒，于是韩歆与太中大夫许淑等与之辨难，而范升这边的今文派也不甘示弱，群起而辨之。一直到“日中乃罢”。大概是因为这次廷辨没个结果，于是范升回家了想了想，把思路理清了，然后就上了一封奏书，继续辨难，反正不把古文学派打倒绝不罢休。
范升的文章大概就几意思，一是已立于学官者为正统，费、左之流是异端，要是立异端，风气一开，后面就不好控制了，将失道又失人；二是从源头上看，费、左之学渊源不明，传承又无师法，这二者是否有价值？很值得怀疑；三是从现实角度看，应该以已立之学振兴纲纪、教化民众，立新学非政急务，一搞不好可能便会引发天下混乱，天子你刚得天下，草创之初，要小心；四是从学理的角度看，儒道两家都主张学贵简约，对末学异端之流，应该弃绝。
范升的一、三、四其实都是小事，最厉害的在于第二。古文派大概也明白这把刀子的厉害，于是以“太史公多引《左氏》”而应对范升；范升又死死抓住“太史公违戾五经，谬孔子言，及《左氏春秋》不可录三十一事”。范升学问高升，又有备而来，结果辨得朝堂诸儒博士一败涂地。结果惹恼了一个人。
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