第一百三十章 自上而下
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现在，我们再说回荆州本土两大阶层的斗争问题。
诸如蔡家、蒯家，都是出过执掌权柄的显赫人物的家族，属于荆襄名族，而且是整个荆襄士族世家的代表。而张羡，则完全代表的是荆州的宗族豪强阶层。
虽然同属统治阶级，但是世家名族和宗族豪强并不是总能尿到一个壶里。我们知道，在封建时代，有两样东西是最重要的。其一，是权力，其二，是土地！
在这里权势可以被理解为上层建筑，是政治性的东西。而土地代表了经济基础，是经济性的东西。世家士族把控了主要的权势，但是宗族豪强把控了主要的土地。一个代表的是社会体系的核心，而另一个代表的是社会的基础，这两者处于一种相对的关系。
说复杂了，这是一个主要矛盾和次要矛盾之间的相互依赖、相互影响、相互转化的问题。说简单了，就是两者相辅相成而又相互斗争的问题。
从两者相互平衡的角度出，世家名族处于上端，握有权力的他们需要来自经济基础的支撑。宗族豪强处于统治阶级的下端，拥有社会大多数财富的他们需要政治和社会秩序的正常运行，需要权力提供必要的庇护。
但是不论世家名族还是宗族豪强，很重要的一点，他们都是人，都是以人为主体和单位的。而人，恰恰是一种既有而又自私的人。
于是很多时候，手里握着权力的世家名族想要直接掌控财富，享有直接的财富，达到在统治阶级内部的绝对掌控。而同样，拥有社会绝大多数财富的宗族豪强不甘心自己的权势，想要谋求在政治上的更多话语权。
你想我的，我想要你的，这便是形成了矛盾。
刘表是趁着讨伐董卓之战的机遇起家的。是趁着天下豪雄们特别是袁术孙坚无暇顾及荆州的时候做主荆州的。这是刘表成功的外部因素。究其内部因素，刘表个人的因素是一部分，但是以蔡家、蒯家为代表的荆州世家士族的支持
却是最主要的原因！
刘表来荆州之前，荆州是由各郡县的宗族豪强阶层做主的，并且完全强压世家名族一头。
但是自党锢之祸解禁以来，世家士族的元气已经逐渐恢复了。荆州本土的世家名族更是不能再容忍宗族豪强这群土鳖骑在自己头上。于是世家士族的代表蔡氏、蒯氏找上了汉室宗亲刘表。
我们说过，参加太学生运动和党人运动的刘表本就是站在世家士族这一边的，这便可以解释为什么刘表需要单骑入荆州。蔡瑁蒯良蒯越等人在刘表身上押注自然没错。
最终，荆州世家名族们的蛰伏没有白费，加上宗族豪强本就具有分散性，有了打旗的世家士族阶层自然大胜。只是到底力量有限，不过只是在荆北地区获得了绝对性胜利，并没有在整个荆州地区大获全胜。
好在世家士族们需要好好消化，荆南地区的宗族豪强势力也被刘表的恩威并施弄得不得不暂时夹起了尾巴做人。
不过该来的总该来。宗族豪强阶层的代表——历任零陵、桂阳、长沙三郡太守的张羡在整合了荆南地区的宗族豪强势力之后，终于对自认为高人一等的世家士族宣战。公开和刘表划清界限，自立门户。
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