第九十节 最后一课 （上）
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
“你太小看我沈纯杆。”沈炼摇头道：“在训上我并没有一丝一毫含糊于你。”先生都这样说了，沈默只好默然。
“确实，科举的格式是八股，”沈炼沉声道：“但八股本身也只是格式而已，无非就是六段八个排偶句组成。先首句破题，两句承题，然后起讲、入手、起股、中股、后股、束股而已。按你的聪明程度，要学会格式只需一天便可，可单会格式有什么用？
“单单学会格式，就能让考官在上千份考卷之中，眼前一亮，赞不绝口，继而点中你沈默的名字吗？”沈炼沉声道：“不可能！你想脱颖而出，就得写出出类拔萃、让考官拍案叫绝的文章！”
“那是什么样的文章呢？”沈默轻声问道。
“理、辞、气三者俱足。”沈炼沉声道：“这样的文章才会让考官如饮琼浆，在头昏脑胀的阅卷过程中停下来，细细品味。只要没有犯忌讳的地方，又怎会忍心不点你呢？”
“请问先生，如何达到理辞气俱足？”沈默恭声问道，他知道这是一位饱学进士，传授经几十年苦心求索，所得之宝贵经验的时刻了。
只听沈炼缓缓地，一字一句道：“欲理之明必溯源六经，而切究乎宋、元诸儒之说；欲辞之当必贴合题义，而取于三代、两汉之书；欲气之昌必以义理洒濯其心，而沉潜反覆于周、秦、盛汉、唐、宋大家之古文。”说完长舒口气，看着沈默道：“现在明白我为什么让你先读诸子百家、历代古文了吧？”
“基础。”沈默轻声道：“您让我先打好基础，待腹中有物，才有可能作好文章。”
“不错，学识是本，八股是体，本是体的内涵，体是本的表现。只有学识真正到了一定高度，才能写出理真法老，花团锦绣的文章。”沈先生颔首道，接着又提高嗓门，满脸愤慨道：“现在的科举确实有一些问题，主要是出题的选择范围太窄，答题的选择也太窄。以至于有些人以为，不用学什么《三通》、《四史》，不必知道什么唐宗、宋祖，只要背上几篇高头讲章，前科程文，便可去应考碰碰运气。就算真得洪福齐天，教他骗得中第，也是百姓和朝廷的晦气！”
他说着冷鞋连道：“而且这些投机之徒，也只可能骗得了一省考官，却不可能过了会试这一关！你遍览黄金榜上，翰林院中，哪个不是满腹经纶，真才实学？哪个都不是投机取巧高中的！”
沈默暗暗点头，他知道每份会试的卷子，都要由两位大学士会同三位尚书看过，那些人都是博闻强记的饱学之士，断不会误点一篇抄袭的文章，让天下人笑话的。
“我现在教你做八股的要领。”沈先生终于说到了方法上：“这东西格式固定，每一句都有严格要求，想要写得花团锦簇，还要阐明理义，便似在床铺底下抡板斧、螺蛳壳里做道场，其实是各种文体中最难的。所以有人说，时文若做的好，随你做什么东西，要诗就诗，要赋就赋，都是一鞭一条痕，一掴一掌血。”
接下来沈先生便从破题讲起，把做八股的方法、技巧和禁忌细细讲给沈默，等到把最后如何收束全部讲完，正好用了一天时间。
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第一章，票票啊……
[记住网址龙腾小说ltxsba.com]
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