第一五四章 小戚
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
先说第一个‘以文制武’，是我太祖祖制，为的是做大，实行起来效果也不错。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com却导致外行指挥内行，将领地位低下。”徐渭叹口气道：“我朝对武将防范太严，管训练的将领不带兵，临场指挥的将领不知兵，且还要受上级文官的掣肘。一个三品武将见了六品御史，说不得还要下跪，一旦有所忤逆，御史竟可当场命人将其压下打板子……试问武将地位如此之低下，除了那些世袭军户之外，有谁还愿意习武卫国呢？”
“没有，一个也没有！”徐渭使劲一拍桌子道：“青年俊彦全都挤在科场这一桥上，十几年寒窗苦读，把身子耗得弱不禁风，把脑子念得成了榆木疙瘩，只知道墨守成规，不知道兵无常形！让这样的一群书呆子做指挥，就是虎狼之师也得带成绵羊！”
“更何况我大明已经压根没有虎狼之师！”徐渭沉声接着道：“我大明兵制有两大特点，一是‘世兵制’，二是‘自给制’，太祖当年将全队编户，命其世代屯田以自给自足，世代当兵，以保家卫国。太祖尝云：‘吾养兵百万，要不费百姓一粒米。’确实在之后的许多年里，我大明的财政支出中，没有军费这一项。确实减轻了百姓和朝廷的负担。”
“但现在看来，这样的做法显然问题很大。首先，这使军队基本上成为一个封闭集团，不仅在组织上，生活上也基本是于普通大众的。当保家卫国不再是整个大明‘匹夫有责’，而是基本落在这个封闭集团身上时，显然是极端不公平的，他们肯定是有怨气的，时间一长就要想方设法逃脱了。”
“第二，当这个集团内部自给时，军官必然加重对屯军的剥削，也当然降低守军的待遇。据我所知，我们绍兴卫所的军卒普遍衣不遮体，食不果腹。其生活不要说和咱们当地百姓比，就是比起西南内陆来，也要差很多。军队和临近百姓的反差，使得军卒不安起来，骚动起来。他们想摆脱沉重的徭役，过上富裕的生活，唯一地办法就是脱离军队。”
“军官的更加促进了这种逃亡。”徐渭义愤填膺道：“他们为了发财，将军屯变为私田，役使士卒耕种，使卫所粮饷供应不足；他们克剥军卒，使他们更加困苦；他们贪图贿赂，放纵士卒逃亡！他们贪图军卒月粮，逃亡也不予追报！
“日积月累下来，卫所军的缺额早已经令人发指！我大明建国七十年，也就是正统年间，逃亡官军竟达一百六十多万，占在籍的一半还多。到了现在嘉靖年间，大部分卫所地实有军士已经不足在籍的三成……拿我绍兴府内的四处卫所来说，绍兴卫缺额达七成三；临山卫缺额达六成九；三江千户所缺额八成一；沥海千户所，缺额达七成七。
而那些没逃亡的军士也多为老弱病残不堪作战之辈。”徐渭双目通红，声嘶力竭道：“太祖时横扫宇内，威震八方的强大卫所军队，已经沦为战不能战，守不能守，一群有百害而无一用地废物了。”
“将这种军队拉出来与强悍的倭寇作战，打败了不是笑话，打胜了才是！”徐渭一脸讥讽道：“而且因为缺额严重，朝廷以为派了三千人去作战，但实际上能拉出来的，也就是五六百人，还全是老弱病残，打败这五六百个半残疾，就相当于打败了三千人，这就是‘倭寇以一敌十’的。”
～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～
一直凝神倾听地沈默。终于插话道：“那天俞将军地军队。虽然也不够数。但七成总是有地……而且俞将军说。他地部下基本上都是沿海地区地农民。生活优。当兵不过是为了混口饭吃。所以才不愿卖命打仗地。”
“他说地没错。但我说地更没错。”徐渭说得口干舌燥。咕嘟咕嘟饮一肚子凉茶。擦擦嘴继续道：“卫所军逃了大半。剩下地小半又被倭寇基本消灭。以至于近些年来。沿海卫所已经是名存实亡了。可倭寇却益发兴旺起来。没有军队是万万不行地……所以从嘉靖二十七年开始。朝廷便命各省各府开始从民间招募兵勇。俞大猷地部队一准儿是募兵。”
“我记着你说过。原因之三便是兵源不佳。”沈默轻声道：“看来募兵也没做好。”
“嗯。倭患尽在沿海之地。所以募兵也尽在沿海。有道是仁者乐山。智者乐水。这话其实是有道理地。沿海兵性情伶俐。狡猾多端。这种兵驱之则前。见敌辄走；敌回便追。敌返又走。至于诱贼守城。扎营辛苦之役。更是不要指望。这种兵驱之以宽亦驯。援以猛亦驯。平时十分省心。却万万不可用来打仗。”说着冷鞋连道：“别说他俞大
就是把常遇春从坟里挖出来。也一样白搭！”
话音未落。突然听门口有人道：“一介书生也敢妄议军事。非把你抓去见官不可！”
这话可把沈默和徐渭吓得够呛，两人赶紧往门口看时，却见唐顺之领着一个身材魁梧的英俊青年，这青年望之不过二十五六，剑眉星目，相貌堂堂，身穿得体的雪白锦袍，脚踏黑面的斗牛快靴，更显得猿背蜂腰，体态修长，任谁见了都要叫一声：‘汉家好儿郎！’
徐渭还是老毛病，只跟唐顺之说话，他满脸惊喜道：“义修哥，你回来了？”
唐顺之颔首道：“绍兴出现倭寇踪迹，恐怕自此不再太平。
正好俞将军已经带兵顶上去了，为兄便带着子弟兵回来了。”说着朝沈默拱手笑道：“绍兴知府感谢沈相公，消灭了入境倭寇，使我绍兴父老免遭无端祸害。”
沈默摇头苦笑道：“感情只是代表官府感谢我，您自己就不谢我了？”
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