第八四六章 希望(下)
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第八四六章希望(下)
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为什么游牧民族一旦实力强大,便会频繁向外侵略?
人们自来有很多解释,从性情出发的,会说因为其生性好战、野蛮、残忍、喜好掠夺;从经济出发的,说游牧经济落后,抗拒天灾能力低,不得不靠掠夺农业民族来补充自己。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com本书来自w-\w-\w.\1-\6-\k-\b-\o-\o-\k.\o\r-\g
这都是众所周知的,诺颜达拉自然可以讲出来,但沈默告诉他,其实还有更深层的原因,那就是维持统一的需要。
当人类还处于蒙昧时代时,没有任何一个民族不想着扩张和侵略,因为你不去征服别人,便会被别人所征服……其实哪怕到了文明时代,不思进取者依然会受到时代的惩罚,弱肉强食是亘古存在,并且将伴随人类直至灭亡。
对于草原民族来说,这个法则就更加的至高无上。因为各部落实在弱小人口稀少、生产落后。他们为了保护自己,便不得不相互征伐、寻求统一,但统一之后,他们又没有足以维持这种统一的经济基础农业文明需要大规模人力的投入,而且将民众固定在土地上,但游牧经济只要维持几百人的畜牧群体便足以自立,且逐水草而居,部落间相隔动辄数百里,相安无事久了,自然会缺乏凝聚力。
那么,如何维持一个游牧帝国的统一呢?就是要给出一个必须团结在一起的理由。
最容易找到的理由便是战争,不断地发动战争……匈奴人、突厥人等等莫不如此,蒙古更是在成吉思汗的打造下,成为最纯粹的战争群体。比起匈奴人遇到大汉、突厥人遇到大唐,铁木真的运气实在太好了,竟然打遍天下无敌手,都没有没有一个国家能够和他长时间拉锯,从而迎来了游牧帝国的黄金时代,建立了一个横跨亚欧的无敌帝国。
之后再也找不到挑战者的蒙古人,只好刀枪入库、马放南山,然后以比崛起还快的速度分裂堕落,帝国斜阳,余晖惨淡了……
所以没有战争,游牧国家就会陷入分裂,这已成为印在蒙古人脑海中的真理。所以无论是也先、还是达延汗,这些统一蒙古各部的雄才伟略之主,无不如祖先成吉思汗一样,回到了蒙古崛起时的,不断的发动战争,企图恢复昔日的荣光。
但草原民族的黄金时代已经过去,蒙古族人早已经分裂为鞑靼和瓦剌两部,彼此征伐百余年,之间的仇恨甚至超过了对明朝的敌视。他们也没有成吉思汗的幸运,赶上了宋金对峙,无暇他顾、他们的敌人明王朝,是推翻了他们的故国蒙元建立而成的,从建成的那天起,就将他们当做生死大敌。
而且明朝建国二百年,始终没有遇到第二个强大的敌人,所以可以调动全国的力量,和这唯一的敌人对峙,甚至连首都都迁到北京,以天子守国门,来稳固边疆的防线。
内外环境如此,无论历代大汗如何努力,蒙古也不可能恢复到昔日的强盛了,他们也没有了祖先时的运气,频繁的发动与明朝的战争,所能得到的,也不过是以攻为守,保存国家生存而已……
“所以同样是打仗,你们的祖先成吉思汗,就可以用几十年时间横扫欧亚,而你们现在呢,却是越打越穷,越打人口越少。”第二瓶西凤也见了底,沈默又打开第三瓶,给诺颜达拉斟上道:“世易时移,战争已经不再是你们蒙古人维系统一的灵丹妙药,是到了寻找新道路的时候了。”
诺颜达拉低垂着头,面色酡红,目光却迷离道:“新的道路,能找到吗?”
“能。”沈默郑重点头道。
诺颜达拉抬起头来,望向沈默。
“我现在还不能对你明说,”沈默却卖个关子道:“最近有一位尊贵的客人要莅临榆林,到时候济农不妨也见见,兴许能有些思路也说不定。”
见沈默不愿透露,诺颜达拉只好按住疑问,又与沈默吃了阵酒。快散席的时候,才忍不住又道:“督师大人无非担心,鄂尔多斯各部会降而复叛,我诺颜达拉管不了别的部落,但可以保证我所属的族人,永远归顺大明,做王化之民……”顿一下,他咬牙道:“为表诚心,我可以永远不回草原,并世代送子孙到北京为质,”说着俯跪在沈默面前,呜咽道:“但请大明务必救救我的族人,他们已经等不起了……”
“哎,快起来快起来,”沈默扶着他的肩膀道:“我大明有海纳百川之量,既然济农肯归顺,当然没有拒之于外的道理,”说着轻叹一声道:“但是你现在不在部落当中,又如何发号施令呢?”
“我可以写信给我的儿子,他见信后,必然会率众来投的。”诺颜达拉从怀里掏出一份早就写好的书信道:“请将其交给我的长子别赫,他自然会照做的。”
“嗯。”沈默点点头,温声道:“只要他们配合,大明是不会让你的族人饿死的。”
“多谢督师宽宏。”得到沈默的承诺,诺颜达拉终于松了口气。
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