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第八八五章 大婚(上)

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三天后,由户部提出的《请颁行条编疏》,通过了廷议,即日起颁行天下。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com自此掀开了全国范围的清丈田亩、赋税改制的大幕。

为了保证新政顺利实施,张居正上《请稽查章奏随事考成以修实政疏》,同样获得了通过。自此,凡上峰交代的差事,本堂执掌的公务,都必须专人专项负责,限期完成。所做每一件事,其完成情况都要记录在册,一式三份,一本自留,一本送六科稽核,一本送内阁监督,以备查验核实这是京城的衙门。对于地方官府也是如此,每个省都要立账册,同样是一式三份,所不同的是,稽核的任务交给了都察院。日后无论是〖中〗央还是地方,所有官员的升迁,奖励或罢黜,都凭这册档录作为依据。月有考岁有稽,全凭白纸黑字说话,谁人也打不得马虎眼。

这项改草极为简单,效果却立竿见影。自推行以后,京城各大衙门一扫过去那种疲疲沓沓、魔蘑菇菇的办事作风。每接手一件事,当事官员再不敢敷衍塞责,一拖再拖,而是立即执行,毫不延误,唯恐在“考功簿,上记下秽行劣迹,断了晋升之路。

这样内阁通过六科控制住六部,通过都察院控制住各省,终于管住了散漫懈怠的天下官员,至此令行禁止、如臂使指,一举解决了困扰历朝历代两千多年的政不通、事难举的痼疾,为接下来一系列政令的推行,铺平了道路。

万历元年三月,户部、都察院扩编完成,然后由长官带队,分赴各省督办一条鞭法,这次的队伍中,有一半是国子监毕业的监生,对于监生的栽培”沈默可谓是不遗余力。

毋庸置疑”从九品中正到科举取士,从唯出身论到唯才是举,是极大的进步。尤其走到了宋明以后,随着科举取士彻底成为正途,阶级的流动xing大增,大官的儿子没法再是大官,平民百姓也有了鱼跃龙门的机会。

这样给了天下人才一个公平竞争、出人头地的机会,天下人才也争相报效朝廷,大大加强了王朝统治的稳固和持久,自然是极好极好的。

然而什么事都是物极必反,久则生弊。

国初用人的制度,分为三途:第一是科甲,第二是监生,第三是吏员。这是所谓“三途并用,。朝中的高级官晏大都出自前两种,后来因为监生的质量下降,进士成为正途,尤其是高级官员都走进士出身,所以科甲官员才是自己人,举人、监生出身的”备受歧视,吏员出身就更惨了。

于是吏员上进无门,自甘暴弃,举人监生也决不轻易就职。他们惟一的目标,便是考进土,考中了获得甲科出身,日后才有前途可言。

考不中,就准备三年以后重考。如此一科又一科,耗尽一生的精神才力,就为了能够金榜题名。许多人考了一辈子,头发全白、牙齿掉光,还在锲而不舍。

如果科举能够真正选拔出人才也行,然而四书五经八股文的教条考试,注定除了极少数智商绝伦的天才之外,选拔出的绝大多数是书呆子。这些人本身毫无政务能力,又大都在层层考试中耗尽了精力和锐气。年纪且大,无心学习,只想着如何补偿过往受尽的苦累。

浪费精力”埋没人材,选拔出的又大都年长事故,幕气沉沉”只想着升官发财的官吏,科举制遂成为吏治的大害。不知道有多少天官首辅”想要扭转这一局面,使宴场的升迁不论出身,只看政绩,然而无一例外,全都失败。

沈默的前任,隆庆年间的首相高拱就曾提议,国初举人为名臣者甚众,以后偏重进士,轻视举人,积弊日甚,请求自今以后,惟论政绩,不论出身。这是一个有见地的提议,但是以高拱的手段都没有推行下去。现在轮到沈默来做这件事,他没有发表刺ji科甲官的〖言〗论,却默默的做了很多。

他知道,高拱和之前的官员之所以失败,是因为作为既得利益者的科甲官群体,对任何妨碍他们独吞官位,虎口夺食的举动,都会极为警惕,坚决反抗。一个人想和一个集团斗,哪怕是皇帝也不可能成功,唯一的办法,就是将这个集团从瓦解,让争论乃至争斗产生于集团内部。只有这样,才可艉找到同盟军,取得斗争的胜利。

沈默正是这样做的,南京监生之乱后,他改萃国子监教育,第一步是优化生源,首先停止接收捐监生这是监生质量下降的根源。

只接受各省学政推荐上来的生员,以及恩荫大臣的子弟。本朝的制度,对于大臣的儿子,有文荫或武荫。在大臣建功或是几年任满以后,照例可以荫子。文荫从荫一子入国子监读书起,毕业后直接授官。比如说严世蕃和徐阶之子徐播,都是走的这条路。

然而对于仕途而言,这种不劳而获的荫生身份,非但不是大路,反而是种阻碍。是以严世蕃权势滔天,尚不能入内阁、掌枢机,徐盾刚当上工部shi郎,就被人盯上弹劾,不得不辞官回乡。

究其原因,还是因为监生出身的官员,普遍地位低下,能靠父兄攀上高位的数目极少,所以缺乏天然的同盟军,很难在科甲官的地盘生存。

现在沈默致力于提高监生的教育质量,改善生源之后,他更是恢复了原先严谨的积分加实习的学制,并且广聘名师坐堂。北京国子监由徐渭领衔,有陈绍儒、陈蓥、阅熙、华察、王世贞、徐中行、李贽等:南京国子监由耿定向领衔,颜山农、林云同、柯维蜞、张献翼、林庭机、何心隐、余允文、冯越等当时知名大儒分而教之,昼则会撰共堂,夜则灯火彻旦,如家塾之教其弟子。

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