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第42节:柏杨余波

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最新网址:m.ltxsdz.com

柏杨余波

丑陋的中国人

柏杨余波

执笔者南日先生

文载1984年10月8日爱荷华《爱荷华大学中国同学会会讯》

柏杨先生在9月24的演讲中,把整个中国人性的丑陋面,全归因于儒家传统,如果一般人这样讲,一点也不奇怪,反正《丑陋的中国人》总是喜欢人云亦云,然而以深研中国历史的柏杨发此议论,不得不令我讶异!

“打倒孔家店”已经是六七十年前的老调,在近些年来的知识界,已经不兴“这一套”了。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com我不是说不兴“这一套”就代表“这一套”不对,但是至少代表知识界在激情的“运动”“革命”行为之后,冷静理智思考的一种成熟表现。

两千多年的历史进程中,其社会、历史、人文的互动过程,是相当复杂的,任何人想用一句简单的口号或单一的原因,来解释所有的现象,都过于武断(逻辑上的全称命题在现实世界中,根本缺乏经验意义),更何况“五四”运动的时代价值,不在于它是否为中国指出一个正确的路向,而在于它提供中国知识分子一个反省的动力。事实上,在“五四”时期批评儒家的人,根本就不一定懂得儒家,孔老夫子只不过是“革命行动”中争取群众的“替死鬼”而已!

儒家是不是该为两千多年来中国所有的罪恶负责,是一个很严肃的课题,除非真正是研究儒家的内在精神,再加上了解历史的外在情境,否则很难做出一个正确的判断。我认为柏杨先生只在历史的外在情境上打转,不了解儒家的真精神,所以把很多不是儒家的东西,都当成儒家。事实上这就是一般“治史而不治思想”的知识分子所犯的通病。

我建议柏杨先生研究一下余英时先生的《历史与思想》,以及熊十力先生的《原儒》,也许对“什么是儒家”,会有比较清楚的认识,否则像柏杨先生这么知名人士,连定义都搞不清楚,就“拾人牙慧”,大放厥辞,岂不是又替“丑陋的中国人”添一脚注?

熊十力先生是民国以来相当有“功力”的思想家(当然这和相当“有名气”的思想家有很大的差别)。余英时先生是目前中国思想史研究的领航人物,他们两人都共同认为儒家根本就没有在中国历代政治舞台上以其真面目出现。熊先生认为“儒家经典迭遭窜改”,余先生则指出中国两千多年来所实行的,根本是法家而不是儒家,这种“阳儒阴法”的政治制度,使得儒家背了两千多年的黑锅!

作为一个知识分子,我比较相信严谨的学术性论者,而不相信情绪性的判断,街谈巷议的率尔之言。没有人会责怪一个杰出的科学家在政治上的幼稚见解,但是人们可以鄙视他要求别人对他政治见解的欣赏。我认为一个人不可能懂所有的东西,“不懂就不要说”,这是对自己诚实,对听众尊重。如果柏杨先生只想当杂文、小说作家,我没什么可建议的,但是如果他想严肃地谈儒家传统这类话题,我建议他应多读点学术性书籍,以免有“不惜羽毛”之讥!

[记住网址龙腾小说ltxsba.com]

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