第44节：如何纠正死不认错之病
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如何纠正死不认错之病
丑陋的中国人
如何纠正死不认错之病
文载1981年8月12日纽约《华语快报》
台湾名作家柏杨访美，日昨在纽约中华公所，发表演说称，中华民族之所以一蹶不振，主要是由于死不认错的性格。龙腾小说ltxsba.com柏杨这一看法，相当平实，虽然没有什么特殊的创见，倒也不失入木三分的道理。我们试想，近数十年来中国之误国误民措施，一意孤行政策，是不是由死不认错而来！恐怕虽不中亦不远矣。但是，假如我们更扩大来看，死要面子和死不认错，恐怕是全人类的通性，各民族的共同缺点。基督教《圣经》上说，每个人都有两个口袋，前面的口袋装着别人的过错，后背的口袋装着自己的过错。换言之，人们都喜欢议人之短，而不肯坦白批评自己之失。可见远在两千年前，死不认错的习性，已经是人们的通病了，不仅仅中国人如此。
或问，既然全世界人都有死不认错的习性，为什么西方国家的政治、经济、社会文化、科技，仍然进步神速，而同样死不认错的中国人，独不能呢？这不是矛盾吗？我们的看法，答案应是制度问题。既然每个人都有两个口袋，装着别人过错的口袋在前面，装着自己过错的口袋在后面，则每个人背后口袋的所有过错，必然正好就装在别人面前的口袋中。如果准许每个人打开面前的口袋，公布袋中的过错，则所有人们背后口袋中的过错，必然会全部曝露于光天化日之下，而无所隐遁，不承认也得承认了。这套制度，便是言论自由，便是民主。因此之故，自由民主是纠正人类死不认错通病的特效灵丹。反之，不实行民主，有权势者封闭无权势者的嘴巴，有权势者只看到他们自己面前的口袋，而无权势者面前的口袋，则被封条锁住。则有权势的错误，便永无暴露和改正的机会。只好一错到底，让整个社会跟着遭殃。
西方国家有没有错？当然有错，而且曾经大错特错，例如西方初期资本主义之剥削劳动者，初期帝国主义之压迫别国人，都是大错。但他们因实行民主，不去封闭别人的嘴巴。马克思可以在伦敦召开共产第一国际大会，发表《共产宣言》，而不受禁止，便是证明。因此，在民主与自由制度之下，他们的过错不断获得暴露与改正，议会成立了，保护工人的立法制定了，工人的生活获得充分的改善。两次大战的教训，殖民地也独立了。孔子赞扬大禹“闻过则喜”，又说“圣人之过，如日月经天”，而指出一般常人却掩饰过错。孔子希望每个人都成为圣人，但他没有想出可行的好方法。西方人想出来了，他们用民主制度，使每一个当政者变成圣人。至少能做到了：当权者的过错，“如日月经天”，大家一目了然，不改不行。请看制度的功用有多么大？从而我们可以获得一项结论，要想每一个人都自动认错，虽圣人也办不到，唯一的办法是实行民主，使每一个人无法隐瞒过错，自然可以纠正死不认错之人类通病。所以要想中国得救，唯一的办法，就是民主。
《丑陋的中国人》《丑陋的中国人》提要
1984年9月24日，柏杨在美国爱荷华大学演讲《丑陋的中国人》，强烈批判中国人的“脏、乱、吵”、“窝里斗”以及“不能团结”等，归结到“中国传统文化中有一种滤过性病毒，使我们子子孙孙受了感染，到今天都不能痊愈”。
次年8月，此篇讲稿和另两场演讲的记录（《中国人与酱缸》、《人生文学与历史》）、一篇访问稿（《正视自己的丑陋面》）及三十二篇杂文组成的“老昏病大展”结集，并收入二十篇回应文章结集出版，是为轰动一时的《丑陋的中国人》。
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