第1403章 大宪章
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两院议员这一个月来,每天都早早前来。摄政张超授权议会,交给他们一个重要的任务,商议拟出大宪章草案来。
这也是约法中,张超与大家达成的一个协议。
立宪。
张超给大宪章草案定了一些基调。
比如他亲口提出,皇权神圣,但以大宪章规定为限。宪法高于一切,高于皇权。设立议会,授予议会立法之权,实行责任内阁制。
朝廷为联邦制帝国,联邦领土由帝国直辖各道以及诸侯分封各地组成。
由张超亲自提出的这些基调,让那些议员们十分兴奋。自古以来,皇帝都只是集权,还没有见过这么主动放权的。
汉以来君权神授观念深入人心,而现在皇帝却主动的提出宪法高于皇权,提出依宪依法治国。
议员们代表的是各大阶层,他们很清楚如果这个宪章真的颁行,那么以后大家的权力真的是大受保护。
哪怕张超身为开国之君,权威极高,可只要他肯遵守自己订下的宪章,以后新朝的制度也算是定下来了。
魏征和许敬宗现在是上下议院议长,负责带头起草大宪章草案。
张超把权力放下来了,议员们很兴奋,但这个大宪章到底要列多少条,又应当把哪些具体内容写上去,其实大家也没有多少底。
毕竟,开天辟地的头一遭这是。
“你说摄政是真的要推行宪政?还是说,这只是一个幌子,等到他登基继位之后,又变回去呢?”魏征问许敬宗。
许敬宗笑笑。
他心里是觉得这个宪政不靠谱,哪有皇帝自己约束自己的。至高无上的皇权上,又还要弄出来一个宪章,这不是给自己找不痛快吗?
不过看破不说破,许敬宗道,“摄政当然是要推行宪政的,要不然,为何让我们在这里协商宪章草案呢。”
对于许敬宗来说,其实宪不宪章,又有何关系。他不认为一个宪章,就真的能约束的了皇帝,尤其是张超这样的开国皇帝。过去,张超皇帝都不是,可不也一样能够掌握大权吗?
所以啊,有些人就是太执着于表面。
他觉得这个宪章,其实就是安抚人心用的。
不过议员们确实很用心的在讨论宪章。
有人提议。
“既然以后是内阁负责制,那我认为翰林院就不应当握有批红之权。”
有人道,“如果实行内阁负责制,则本身连批红都不需要了。”
批红,那是内阁把奏章票拟之后递给皇帝,皇帝批红。既然张超说以后要内阁负责制,那就没有必要说再票拟批红啊,那应当是由内阁直接批阅处置事务。
有人表示赞成。
如果不需要皇帝批红,那翰林院哪来的批红大权,他们批红可是代皇帝批红。如果皇帝不批红,那以后还保留翰林院,岂不是说翰林院比内阁权力还大?
一群人争论的十分起劲。
纷纷说要取消翰林院的批红大权,朝廷只有内阁负责总揽朝政就行。
开元以来,内阁虽有票拟之权,但也仅是给皇帝提供一个初步处理意见,最后的决策之权还是在皇帝手里,甚至因为翰林学士为皇帝代为批红,其权力甚至能够与内阁相提。
内阁的权力其实是不稳定的,因为他们的票拟随时可能会被否决。
现在张超明确说了内阁负责制,那翰林院以后依然可做为皇帝顾问机构,但不应当再保留批红之权。否则,那权力将超过内阁。
不少议员都达成一致共识,以后翰林院不得拥有批红之权,内阁也不再需要票拟,直接批红。
“皇帝当有否决之权。”
许敬宗过去,高声加了一句。
要是内阁直接有批红之权,那皇帝干吗?许敬宗认为张超让他来议会,就是让他来把关的。
一些议员想了想,也是这个道理,总不能让皇帝真的就一边站了吧,那还叫什么皇帝呢。
现在让内阁直接有处置大权,就已经很好了。
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