第28章 张静正变成金刚不倒罗汉！
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
张家在本地绝对是地头蛇，不算那些投献的土地，正儿八经的私有土地就有数千多亩。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com
(明中叶以后，土地“投献”之风盛行。所谓“投献”，在投献一方，有“妄献”和“自献”两种）
妄献的惨绝人寰我们就不说了，说说这个自献吧。
“自献”，系指庶民（有土地的老百姓），将自家的田地无偿地奉献给官豪势家。而本身沦为庄佃、佃户或奴仆。
按现代的话来说，就是我不要自己分配而来的地，送给或挂名在有功名的地主名下了，我来帮你打工种地。
可能你会想，这不是脑残吗？
汗！人家明朝老百姓还真不是脑残，而是有原因的。
这种怪现象的出现，其根源就在于明朝封建特权制度的特殊国情，（嗯，特殊国情？好耳熟的感觉！）
明代徭役之重，甚至超过税粮。但是，王府和勋贵，以及有功名的地主的庄田却享有优免权。一旦成为他们的庄佃，即可在其荫蔽之下，免充国家差役。
以万历三十八年《优免则例》为例，现任京官甲科一品免田一万亩，以下递减，至八品免田二千七百亩，外官减半，致仕乡官免本品十分之六，未仕乡绅优免田最高达三千三百五十亩，生员、监生八十亩。
明代役法，“以民为役，以田制役”。役的编佥对象有二，一是人丁，一是田亩。来自田产之役，在法律上称为“有赋役”，即因田粮而佥派之役。
何为国家要求的赋役？
就是国家或皇帝，筑城挖河、营造宫室、整治园囿等等，征发动辄数十万老百姓来帮忙干活。
注意，国家和皇帝让你来做这些事，是不会给你发工钱的，而且也没有保险和五险一金。
不包吃，也可能勉强只饿不死你的程度。
不包住，如果你认为二三平方米的猪圈式的房间里，住十几个人也算是包住的话，我无话可说。
不包来回车费和工伤，估计不累死也半残了。
换了现代21世纪，国家叫你来打工，不包吃住，还没有保险，也没有工资。一天做十几个小时，累死活该。估计我们已经发狂的暴动了！
张家房间里，朱子龙和张静正聊天很久了。
“四海，你到底打算怎么做？”张静正喝光茶水，问道。
朱子龙笑道：“当然是先做买卖，挣银子，然后买地置业。不过我做的买卖，得有一个码头，还得有个坚固的庄子。海盗、贼人那么多，护院的庄丁数目也不能少。另外，我还想纳捐一下！”
说到纳捐，张静正配合的点了点头。
纳捐也叫捐官，是封建社会时期为弥补财政困难，允许士民向国家捐纳钱物。以取得爵位官职的一种方式！
比如说明朝现在后期财政困难，于是破格政策出来了，你想当一名官员，有三种方法。
一是三年一次的科举，高中之后就能有机会当官。二是朝中有人或皇帝特殊的直接点名，叫你去当官。最后一个就是依靠捐钱了，另类的以钱换官！
到了清朝，捐纳更是成风，成了与科举相互补充的一个重要制度。既有例捐，也有常捐，且统一管理，明码标价。（明码标价，怎么总感觉有一种特别的喜感呢？）
不过，现在还是明朝，只要大家争气点，也就没有清朝什么事了。野猪皮可以回家洗洗睡了！
等到朱子龙从书房里出来，连忙去了自己的院落里。
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