第一千八百九十一章:以什么取士为好
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叶春秋的一席话,听得陈蓉和张晋目瞪口呆,陈蓉微微一愣,便陷入深思,他不可否认的,叶春秋口里所说的标准和规矩,确实是令人耳目一新。龙腾小说ltxsba.com
叶春秋看着他们的表情,便知道他们已经理解了他话里的深意了,此时,他又笑着继续道:“其实,对于太祖来说,他并不在乎读书人真正有什么才情,他所在乎的是,但凡是读了书的人,大多都是士绅之家,寻常人连饭都吃不饱,哪里还有闲心读书?只有那些有闲心的人,若是不给他们一丁点事做,不将他们的精力用在太祖皇帝所希望用的地方,那么,一干多少在地方上有些声望,又有一些家底,再加上还有些学识的人凑在一起,若是妖言惑众,或是图谋不轨,那么,这大明可是要出大乱子的。”
“所以才学高低不重要,他要的,是大家看到了金榜题名的期望,为了这个金榜题名,耗费掉那些过剩的精力,同时,这些人若是高中,正好为太祖所用,而至于那些不中的,却只好期望来年再考了。”
“因此,八股取士与否,都不重要,八股不取士,诗词也可以取士,诗词不取士,即便是用算学取士,又如何?”
“问题的关键就在于,规矩!”
说到了这里,叶春秋再无轻松之色了,反而一下子摆出了他鲁王的威仪,正色道:“立下了规矩,就等于是谁有才学,谁是草包,都是朝廷说了算,今日立下了新规矩,一年之前,八股文作得再好的才子,若是不乖乖地去学习新的知识,他便是一无是处。”
“那么,春秋的意思是,考诗词?”陈蓉又是愣了一下,轻皱眉头地看着叶春秋问道。
“不。”叶春秋认真地道:“八股文,对于治理国家,有丝毫的作用吗?对于治理一方的百姓,又有什么用呢?都没有用,太祖皇帝制定的规矩里,所谓的八股文,其实就是一块敲门砖罢了,让他们把门敲开了,做了官,再让这些聪明人,自己去领悟怎样去做一个官,现在既然要改,以诗词取代八股,又有什么意义呢?没有意义啊,现在既然要设立新的规矩,所以制定新的标准的同时,还是需要务实的。”
陈蓉也是很认真地听着叶春秋一一分析,到了现在,他连连点头道:“春秋说的不错,只是既非八股,又不是诗词,那么……该以什么取士为好呢?”
叶春秋笑了,道:“律法如何?”
“律法?”
陈蓉想了想,不禁沉吟起来,律法确实实用,毕竟将这律书熟读与心,对律令了然于胸,这不是什么坏事,至少将来做了官,本职之中,就需承接百姓诉讼的。
可事实上,许多做了八股文起家的读书人做了官,对于律令的条文,只怕所知也是有限的,判起案子来,多是靠自由心证,说你有罪就有罪,说你没罪就没罪,很多时候,所谓的冤案,怕也并非是什么官官相护,或是收受了财物,实际上,却全是地方官胡判乱判。
此时,叶春秋又道:“律令也是朝廷的规矩,这个规矩里,便要求所有人都能够遵守。大明一直都有律令,可百姓们却不将律令当一回事,陈兄,你认为是什么缘故?”
陈蓉苦笑道:“春秋别总是反问我,不要卖关子了。”
叶春秋开朗一笑,喝了口酒,赔罪道:“是我的不是,好吧,我就直说了,其实大明自有律令,除大明律之外,太祖当初,还专门颁布了大诰,太祖皇帝为了将大诰深入人心,甚至要求各家各户,都需收藏大诰,可事实上呢?事实上,百姓们并不将这些当一回事,这不是因为百姓愚蠢,而是因为,连决定刑法的地方官吏,对于律令尚且一知半解,你百姓就算是遵守了大明律又如何?所以,在大明,律令和一张废纸,并没有太多的分别,官员所知不多,做了官,也懒得去翻阅那堆积如山的各种律令,而百姓们呢,知道决定一切的,并非是大明律中的条文,那么,谁还会将这大明律当一回事呢?”
“所以,考大明律,唯有如此,天下的读书人,方才会纷纷去学习大明律,做了官,才可以学以致用,而一旦官员们开始在律令之中寻找各种条文来断案,那么寻常的百姓,方才知道律令的好处,于是人人都不敢去触碰那些大明律中的禁忌。因此,百姓们多少会学习一些律令,读书人更是如此,官员断案,一旦脱离了大明律,就少不得要被那些精通律令的读书人抨击,被那些略知律令一二的百姓所质疑,这种冤案错案,也就可以得以收敛了,即便是官官相护,或者与人勾结,也就没有那样轻易了。”
陈蓉连声说是,甚至连张晋也觉得极有道理地点着头认同。
以律令来做标准,确实有极大的好处,这会使大量的人像熟读四书五经一样,去熟读律令,将这律令背的滚瓜烂熟,而越多人精通,任何一个案子,若是官员判得过了头,就会很容易被人所质疑和抨击。官员们为了官声,怎么还敢胡乱判案?
只是陈蓉想了想,却又皱眉道:“可问题在于,律令是死的,就如四书五经一样,多少读书人几年下来,就可以背个滚瓜烂熟了,那么岂不是一场考试下来,人人都能默写出大明律,不知多少人会因此而高中?何况,又如何将读书人加以区分出成绩的好坏呢?”
这确实是个难题,叶春秋却是道:“律学,不过是考试的一种而已,又不是只考一个律法,这地方官员,甚至是各部堂的大臣,难道不需要懂一些经济之道?若是两眼一抹黑,对钱粮一窍不通,这做了官,怕也只是个糊涂官罢了。”
“所以,何不如再加一门考试,为经济考呢?里头囊括了算学,包括了修桥铺路所需的花销。”rw
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