3625 千年敦煌
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
尚泰王等人从瓜州出发沿着干涸的党河向敦煌前进，路程并不远但是走的却非常慢，因为这一路上几乎到处都能发现值得搜索的考古遗迹。最新地址ltxsba.pw
在向导还有当地仅有的一部分读书人的帮助下，尚泰王终于慢慢找到了敦煌从元代以后就渐渐没落的主要原因。
也正是因为这次研究，敦煌学在尚泰王的手中开始崭露头角，东海上的琉球国王居然因为神奇的命运而和数万里外黄沙大漠中的敦煌建立起了宿命因果的联系。
敦煌的没落完全可以从经济、政治、宗教还有自然环境等方面找到答案！
首先说经济，从唐以后丝绸古道也就渐渐的没落了起来，由于战乱古道通商的风险越来越大，到了宋朝中原汉人王朝已经完全丧失了对西域的控制权，为了和异族对抗宋朝人实行非常严格的贸易禁运。
在丝绸古道上已经很难见到商人出没了，而在东南沿海却有的是万帆云集的场面。
控制欧亚沟通的中亚国家也是精通商业的民族，海运和路上运输的优势自然是一目了然的。
当丝绸古道失去了强大经济血脉的滋养，当古道渐渐荒废后，敦煌修建的物质基础也就没有了。
再说自然环境，西域本来就是降水量稀少的区域，这里的农牧业几乎都要依赖山脉融雪的灌溉，那些季节河、内陆河所创造出的绿洲，就是古代西域王国建国的根基。
可是数千年来，人类活动严重的破坏了脆弱的自然平衡，荒漠化越来越严重，农牧业大规模的退步，这里渐渐的已经不适合人类居住了。
或者说这里已经不适应太多人口的居住了，曾经的富饶之地变成了沙洲，人口总基数的缩减自然也就让敦煌逐渐落寞下来。
第三个重要的因素就是政治原因，当明朝建立之后开国之初所定下的国本就是对内发展经济，休养生息，对外则将主要对手放在蒙元残部的身上。
对于西域这个已经灭有多少经济利益的区域，朱元璋以及他的后代们都是很淡漠的，他们不愿意投入太多的精力，而只愿意维持表面上地方政权的恭顺。
明朝重修嘉峪关、明长城，重建肃州城，又设立关西七卫，其主要目的也只是防御性的，纵观明朝二百七十六年，整个政权对西域都没有什么兴趣。
甚至在吐鲁番国进攻哈密的战争中，明朝下令放弃嘉峪关以西所有土地，彻底封闭嘉峪关断绝了中原和西域的交流。
像敦煌这样的超级工程，如果没有政府力量的支持那么他最终的结果也就不言而喻了！
最后一个原因自然是宗教了！
敦煌最后被迫放弃修建维护的最重要原因还是在西域宗教变迁这条根儿上，正德年间敦煌就曾经被吐鲁番汗国所攻破，而到了嘉靖三年明朝实在无法维持嘉峪关以西的防务，不得已封闭嘉峪关彻底抛弃了关西的子民。
而这个时候西域也就是历史上最大宗教变迁的年代，佛教天然的敌人自然不会允许莫高窟继续修建，甚至他们都不许汉人在这里生存。
从明朝嘉靖年以后，敦煌实际上已经荒漠化了，由于战争的杀戮和中原王朝的放弃，这里就连最基本的郡县制都废除了。
没有城市，没有乡镇，一切回归游牧生活，城市变成了小镇，小镇变成了废墟，农田变成了沙漠或者放牧的草场。
农耕文明彻底被抛弃，这片土地又退回到了很久以前的游牧文明！
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