1062 民族主义
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民族主义到底是什么？如果你翻动教科书你能找到大段大段晦涩难懂的文字，还有云山雾绕的各种名词。更多小说ltxsba.com
但是肖乐天对民族主义的理解非常简单，也直指问题的内核。所谓的民族主义的兴起，其实也就是国家争霸用来集中人力物力统一人心的一种工具罢了。
人类本身就是很矛盾的，一方面人类需要融入社会各取所需抱团取暖，而另一方面人类又有趋利性，害怕集体会伤害到自己的财产利益。
举一个形象一点的例子，人类其实就是一群寒冬里的刺猬，需要彼此抱团取暖但是又害怕相互伤害。
但是随着人类历史的不断演进，社会逐步的发展，无论你喜欢不喜欢大集体的存在，你都无法否认人多力量大，团结就是力量这个现实。
国土庞大，人口众多，齐心合力就会打造出一个强大的集体，而这个集体不仅能对全体人员提供保护和对外扩张，同时他也会强行剥夺群体内每一个个人的部分私有利益。
这就是矛盾，无法调和的矛盾，人们既需要大集体的安全感和对外拓展权，又想维持住自己的私利不受损失，就是这种冲突造成了社会中的很多乱象。
从人性的角度去分析，人类究竟什么时候会心甘情愿的奉献出自己的私利呢？其实无外乎以下几种情况。
私利的第一享有者当然是自己了，这是人类的动物本能不必多说，第二当然就是家庭，父母妻儿这些人分享自己的利益，绝大多数人也是很乐于付出的。
第三层就属于宗族了，血脉相通，姓氏相同，吃亏吃到宗族身上也可以接受。
第四层则是乡党，口音相同，生活习惯相同，守望相助，也不算外人。所谓的乡党其实就已经算是民族概念了。
再往上才是民族和国家呢，人们拥有共同的信仰、共同的语言、共同的价值观，因为共同性很多所以能勉强压制住私利受损的委屈心理，从而让这个大集体不至于出现崩溃。
以上只是很狭隘的民族观，而民族主义则是在这种观念的基础上的升华，一些思想家开始有意识的对民族观进行梳理、深挖、整理并形成一套理论，然后在同民族之内进行宣传让更多的人接受。
我们为什么需要民族主义？就是因为我们需要一种更高级的团结人类的手段。用家族宗族团结哪能有多少人？小一点的宗族一两百人，大一点的一两千也就到头了，在一县之地称霸或许有可能，再大的区域还能控制吗？
用乡党来团结人？你能团结几十万百万也就到头了，古代因为地域而形成的部落群体，其实就是这种模式的一种表现。
比宗族和乡党更高级的是什么呢？当然就是民族了，西方民族主义的兴起就是因为很多聪明人摸透了这里面的规律，深挖民族的共同性，从宗教、语言、生活习俗、历史渊源等多方面入手，最终能够团结的基数就可以达到数千万甚至上亿。
这样的人类集体规模所爆发出的战斗力，是相当恐怖的，对内可以镇压一切内耗，对外可以争夺更多的利益反哺本民族。
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