1157 人穷志短
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现任俄罗斯沙皇亚历山大二世，确实是俄罗斯历史上非常有影响力的沙皇，彼得大帝、叶卡捷琳娜二世还有这位亚历山大二世，就是后世史学界所尊称的俄国沙皇三杰。更多小说ltxsba.com
亚历山大二世对俄国的最主要贡献之一，就是世界瞩目的废除农奴制。在他继位之初就深刻的反省了父亲所发起的克里米亚战争的功过得失。
为什么克里米亚战争会失败？英法劳师远征绕过整个地中海来投放兵力，而俄国人本拥有地理优势，为什么最后变成了惨败的结局？
亚历山大二世清醒的认识到问题的本质是俄罗斯的工业和政治体制出现了问题，完全落后于欧洲强国。
在当时的俄罗斯，总人口90%全都是农奴，他们被锁定在土地上无法流动，他们没有自己的财产所以就没有任何购买力，他们更不会拥有自己的财富去进行投资贸易，庞大的地主阶层淤积了社会大量的财富。
从这一点上看，俄国当时的社会制度还不如大清国呢，农奴的凄惨遭遇可比佃户更可悲。
资本主义的发展，其根本要素就在于自由流动的庞大雇工群体，正因为自由所以人口这个最基本的资源就会随着市场经济的魔棒而进行聚散离合。
举个简单的例子，英国商人想要投资一个钢铁厂，他只要租到土地，拥有前期资金，能开出相对优厚的薪水，他就能聚集到大量的优秀劳动力。
但是俄罗斯就连这一点都做不到，资本家想要投资会痛苦的发现，他有钱都招不到人，因为他放眼望去九成的民众都是农奴。
改革是迫在眉睫的了，沙皇亚历山大二世没有采用美国那样的强迫废除制度，而是选择了相对温和的赎买制度。
国家给农奴提供贷款，让农奴从地主手中得到土地，同时还有自由人的身份，然后农奴在规定的年限中向国家还款。
这是一条相对温和的改革道路，至少不会流太多的血，各方都能接受。但是最大的弊病就是需要一笔庞大的启动资金，这笔资金大到甚至需要财政部制作假账，否则英法银行家都不敢给予贷款。
指望俄国的国库根本就不可能拿出这么一笔巨款出来，他们只能向伦敦和巴黎的银行家们求援，一笔又一笔的高利息借款飞向莫斯科，然后再飞向广袤的俄罗斯大地。
改革到现在已经进行到第八个年头了，对外俄国宣称已经度过了最艰难的时期，一切都向好的方向发展，但是斯特凡斯基这样身份的高层们，心里都跟明镜一样，沙皇现在已经快揭不开锅了。
每个月还英法银行家的利息都是一个天文数字，都需要俄国拆东墙补西墙，甚至一些偏远省份，给地主的赎买款项，其实都是欠条而已。
财政部对外只能用一个又一个谎言去麻痹欧洲的银行家们，好让他们能够继续拆借资金给俄国度过危机，按照莫斯科高层的乐观判断，想要俄国财政逐渐平衡，则至少还需要十年。
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