2190 英国贵族的代表
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纽卡斯尔公爵是英国贵族中非常善于经营的代表人物,他的家产有多少谁也说不清,但是他奢靡的生活却在英国贵族圈子里非常有名。更多小说ltxsba.com
光英国本土的庄园就有十多所遍布整个英伦三岛风景优美之地,在伦敦的地产也有很多,更别说在其他欧洲国家所购置的土地了。
在印度和北美都有公爵自己的庄园,无数的奴隶为他种植着棉花、香料、小麦、玉米甚至于鸦片,公爵自己家的船队每年光贩卖自己生产的货物就已经忙的不可开交了。
更别提他在很多公司内还拥有大量的内部股份,每年的红利多的数不清。
这是一名真正的富贵爵爷,他就是维多利亚时代转型贵族的典型代表。
没有错,英国的贵族是欧洲乃至世界上最早进行转型的贵族群体,最主要的特征就是他们已经抛弃了旧有的赚钱模式,他们的资产配置完全超过这个时代所有的贵族。
如大清如沙俄甚至包括奥地利等封建王朝,那些贵族统治者们跟多的还是依赖于土地这种极其原始的财富创造手段。
大清国的王爷们手下都有无数的田庄,每年产出的粮食和畜牧业产出的牛羊就是他们资产配置中的大头,看天吃饭这句话对于他们也很适用。
当然还有一部分王公贵族们会购买门市房等商用店铺进行出租,或者直接和汉人投资开各种各样的买卖行。
比如说四九城内那些有名的饭馆和商号们,其实背后都有满人贵胄的股份,每年吃红利也有不老少。
欧洲这边的贵族情况要比大清好一些,他们或多或少都有一些工厂和作坊,或多或少都能吃到一些工业革命的红利。
不过这些人和英国贵族相比则差的太远太远了,英国这个人类世界上最早的君主立宪制国家,通过多年的斗争已经让所有的贵族群体猛醒了。
他们已经放弃了原始土地产出这种落后的赚钱模式,而升级成为了商业贵族。
没有错,过去那种土地贵族已经不适应时代的发展了,英国贵族群体已经摇身一变成为了商业贵族。
基本上所有英国贵族们都有一个共识,那就是不能再依靠土地创造财富了,因为土地寄托了无数小民的福祉,你跟民众争夺这个利益去,那就是给自己的江山挖坑。
普通民众都没有多少资本,也没有受过很高等的教育,更没有广泛的人脉和信息,所以说普通民众压根就掺合不到大生意中去。
那些需要投资数百万英镑的远洋商队,投资千万英镑的铁路系统,包括大铁厂纺织厂什么的都跟普通民众是无缘的。
所以民众只能依靠土地这种微薄的产出或者是依附于工厂赚取最廉价的工资来过活,在这种背景下英国贵族选择了退让。
从民众赖以活命的产业中退出来,不跟民众去争抢了……当然了,他们赚多了大钱也看不上这点塞牙缝的小钱,贵族们包括王室纷纷开始向商业贵族进行转型。
不仅仅是让出农民的利益,这些贵族甚至对税收也不怎么依赖了,可能是被砍头的查理一世的惨剧所震慑,后来的英国王室和贵族们都不怎么干动税收这个高压线了。
当年查理一世就是因为收税权和议会发生激烈的冲突,甚至到最后爆发了战争!
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