第九十七章 民主时代的开始
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从1919年1月6日开始,一直到1月18日。龙腾小说ltxsba.com▲∴路德维希.冯.赫斯曼中校就一直呆在波茨坦的德军临时总部里面当情报主管,没有再去腥风血雨中的柏林。
杀人和镇压是没有什么好看的,德国一月革命的发生和结局,其中早在一年前的俄国一月剧变中就已经决定好了。
列宁驱散立宪会议和随后的俄国内战给德国的社会党人、资本家和容克贵族上了生动的一课。因为害怕德国变成第二个俄国,这些人早就串联起来,一致反对布尔什维克。十四年后,阿道夫.希特勒成为德国总理,其实也是这种“反布尔什维克路线”的延续。
从俄国的一月剧变,到芬兰内战,再到德国的一月革命,以及匈牙利革命。布尔什维克党和社会党(包括社会民主党、社会革命党等等)的斗争显得相当血腥的残酷。
后世被认为是人畜无害的社会民主党人,在德国、芬兰和匈牙利对布尔什维克大开杀戒。而在俄国,下狠手的则是列宁领导的布尔什维克。
在几场从合作走向血洗的激烈斗争之后,欧洲的中左(社民民主一派)和j左力量之间,就基本没有了合作的可能。即便在面对纳粹和法西斯势力将要上台的时候,社会党和布尔什维克党,也很难展开真正有效的合作。
当然,合作不能说没有,比如意大利面的布尔什维克党和社会党就在1934年订立过反法西斯统一战线行动公约。不过面对当时的意大利国家法西斯党,这种合作实在也没有太大的作用了。
反观欧洲的右pai们,却能在布尔什维克党的威胁面前团结起来,用尽各种办法把布尔什维克镇压下去。而在德国,这样情况尤为明显,由容克贵族控制的军队,总是千方百计和布尔什维克过不去,同一切反对布尔什维克的政治力量联手。
而在血腥斗争中取胜的社会民主党和独立社会党的处境并不好。因为没有能替容克军官团保住帝制,而且也参与了11月革命,在容克军官团看来,他们只是比布尔什维克稍微强点而已。只能算勉强合作,根本谈不上稳固的结盟,将社会党人从执政党的宝座上拉下来,更是容克军官团的长期目标。
在血洗了德国几个大城市(不仅是柏林)的工人阶级(绝大部分也不是布尔什维克)之后,作为“温和左pai”的德国社会党人其实根基在动摇。而且又得不到强大的容克军官团的支持,他们和德国的前途命运,似乎已经可以预料了!
不过,在未来相当长的历史时期,德国仍然将是一个民主国家——1919年初的赫斯曼坚信这一点。
因为容克贵族阶层会在世界大战失败后元气大伤,靠区区10万或是更多一些人的陆军根本无法拥有国家。而政坛上“温和的左pai”或“温和的右pai”都是靠票箱子而不是枪杆子进行统治的。
即便是容克军官团,在历史上的魏玛共和国时期,也只能在兴登堡的领导下去玩选票决定政治的游戏。因为被削弱的容克就算发动政变夺取权力,也没有办法压制住德国工人阶级的反抗。
所以在魏玛共和国的大部分时期,容克、“温和的左pai”和“温和的右pai”这三方面的力量大致平衡,可以形成容克联右制左政治的格局。
但是赫斯曼知道这种平衡只是暂时的,来自协约国的压迫和来自苏联的革命输出,将会壮大极端主义派别。一旦遇到合适的时机——比如大萧条——极端主义派别就会飞速膨胀!
……
“路德维希,我们应该投谁的票?”
“奥德娅,你要投基督教民主人民党的票,它就是原来的天主教中央党。克洛伊,你也要投它一票。”
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