第124章 空冷和液冷
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苏联航空事业之父茹科夫斯基的年纪非常大了，有七十多岁，留着好像圣诞老人一样的白胡子。更多小说ltxsba.com～赫斯曼抵达莫斯科的第三天就见到了他，这会儿他正和赫斯曼一起坐在一辆窄小的汽车里面。
他们两人还有容克斯、福克、斯图登特、图波列夫，还有暂时兼任工农红军空军总局局长的斯克良斯基（他还是革命军事委员会副主席和陆海军副人民委员）等人，分别乘坐着几辆小汽车离开莫斯科市区，到了市郊的一座机场兜了一圈，车里满是浓重的俄国劣质汽油的味道。太阳在低沉的天空中，从白云的间隙中照射出来，在黯淡的阳光下，机场跑道上停着大大小小十几架双翼飞机。从外观上看，有英国的dh系列和阿弗罗系列还有德国的福克d系列。这些飞机的外壳上面都刷着红星标志，有些飞机已经非常破旧，油漆都已经剥落。
这地方完全像德国的前线机场：修理工棚、飞机库、营房一应俱全，坐落在平静而荒凉的土地上，附近就是奔流的莫斯科河。
按照茹科夫斯基的介绍，这里是红空军的一个临时试飞场——新的专用试飞场正在建设，今年夏天就能建成。而在这之前，生产整机的彼得格勒工厂和杜克斯工厂，还有生产火星工厂仿制的新机型，都会在这里进行试飞。
“这都是俄国自己生产的飞机吗？”福克看了一眼摆放在机场跑道上的福克d系列飞机。“造得真不错，差点连我都给骗了。”
茹科夫斯基看上去像是个受人恭维的圣诞老人，高兴而温和地一笑，露出了稀疏的牙齿。“我们没有图纸，就通过逆向工程进行仿造，我们有最好的工人，他们不讲报酬，有黑面包吃就会努力工作，非常认真。可是我们造出来的福克d系列还是比不上德国原装的。”
非常年轻，看上去有点像个小学老师的陆海军副人民委员斯克良斯基补充说：“主要是火星工厂的发动机不行，比不上德国货，马力不足，还老是熄火。”
“那里就是个作坊。”容克斯在旁边对赫斯曼说，“我去看过彼得堡飞机制造厂和火星发动机工厂，条件非常差。特别是后者就是个小作坊，能在那里生产出发动机简直是奇迹。不过他们的中央空气流体动力学研究院非常不错，设备齐全，教学条件也很好，比我们德国任何一所大学的空气动力学系都要好。”
俄国人的基础研究很扎实，赫斯曼心想，不过德国在这方面也不弱。
一行人开始参观飞机，容克斯、福克和斯图登特都是内行，他们看得非常仔细，甚至还爬上三角梯观看座舱内部和发动机的情形。
赫斯曼对两次世界大战时代的航空也不算是门外汉。后世的知识告诉他，二战时代的活塞式飞机发动机，按照汽缸排列和冷却方式，可以分为直列式液体冷却发动起和星式空气冷却发动机两种。二者各有优缺点：
气冷发动机：结构相对简单、紧凑，维护方便；但横截面大，风阻系数大，且大功率运行持续时间不如水冷。
水冷发动机：风阻系数小，持续功率大；但结构较复杂，维护相对困难。
其中装备气冷式发动机的多是追求大功率、大航程、长时间可靠运行、维护方便的舰载飞机和远程轰炸机。而液冷式发动机则多装备在追求格斗性能的空优战斗机上以及在近距离使用的轰炸机上。
而就发动机性能而言。二战中，在液冷发动机领域称王的是英国，德国因为涡轮增压技术较差而稍稍落后于英国，但是总体差距不大。使用液冷发动机的战机在二战中，是德国空军战机的主流。
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