第四十八章 尼米茨的反击（2）
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大战进行到目前阶段，历史早已走向另一条岔路，把霍夫曼熟知的战争改得面目全非。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com
在原本时空里，由于航空母舰建设周期短、耗费成本低、攻击能力强，所以双方均不惜一切代价建造航母。美国之所以一年准备24艘埃塞克斯级下饺子海，最初也基于这种考虑。
但老问题没解决，新问题却不断冒出来：美国无法为大量服役的航母配足熟练水兵和飞行员，特别是飞行员已成为比军舰短缺更令人头疼的问题，这种短缺甚至带来不得已的战术变化。
换而言之，如果现在上帝开眼，明天就让诺福克军港堆满埃塞克斯级航空母舰，金上将和海军也要为配备足够合格的水兵和飞行员们发愁。同样的问题也在德国海军上出现，像这次冰岛战役沉没了日向号和萨伏伊号固然令人不快，但如果这两艘军舰不沉，新拿到手的2艘怨仇级就该为水兵们发愁了。
这也是为什么德国要进行军种调整，化陆为海，将近海潜艇部队解散，官兵用于充实驱逐舰部队的原因所在。可这种调整全世界只有德国一家办得到，其他国家受制于体制和海陆矛盾是不可能实现的。
出于兵力不足的顾虑，海军造舰计划委员会拒绝对埃塞克斯级建造进一步改进。本来按船厂建议，如果降低验收标准、在个别领域采用简易法施工，埃塞克斯级建造速度能压缩到14个月以内，无非按这种办法造出来的军舰抗沉性将不太理想。
尼米茨旗帜鲜明地反对简易建造法，他的观点是：“也许能多提供几艘航母，但一旦采用这种建造法的航母遭到攻击，很可能马上沉船，然后整船官兵遇难而不像以前那样还有机会逃回去……最终一定是士气崩溃、军队组织度涣散。”
让人大跌眼镜的是，陆军居然也支持这种观点，经验就来源于驻苏联观察员发回的报告：1943年东线战场上，苏联为拿到更多的坦克，不惜采用劣质材料和简易装备生产T-34坦克，强行提高生产量，当初伏罗希洛夫还振振有词解释，“面对虎式，用优质钢的坦克也是一炮死，用劣质钢的坦克也是一炮死”，但实战中，优质钢和劣质钢生产的坦克对于人员保护性是不一样的，当越来越多的熟练车组被打掉后，后面新上阵的新手哪怕有坦克可用，在几倍数量优势下也打不过对面的老手。
直到后来苏联集中优质钢建造IS-1\IS-2，数量虽然减少，但交换比不再悬殊。
鉴于优秀飞行员短缺的现实，尼米茨创新之二是在斯普鲁恩斯舰队航母与护航航母交叉换位基础上更进一步，实现新老划断：让熟练、有经验的老飞行员进行舰队防空的直掩作战，而让缺乏经验的新飞行员在少数熟练飞行员的带领下执行伴随作战，掩护攻击机群突击。
这绝不是他脑子发昏，而是经过仔细思考和分析的产物：防空作战无论胜败，飞行员有很大几率可以保全，而进攻作战的掩护机群只要被击落，无论幸存与否，对舰队就是损失。调整后至少可保证熟练飞行员的损失降低到较低程度。
这当然是不公平的、也是相当无奈的做法，但在解释和坦诚公布后，得到了舰载机飞行员们的认可。
尼米茨的创新之三是调整攻击机群中鱼雷攻击和俯冲攻击的比重，增加鱼雷攻击的数量和实力。
大战爆发前，雷击作战才是航空作战主流，俯冲轰炸最开始暂时靠边站。但越到后期，俯冲轰炸越来越成为主流，因为速度缓慢、机动能力差的鱼雷机容易成为防空火力的靶子而战果寥寥。
而且随着轰炸机轰炸精度提升，鱼雷机命中率低的反差更加明显，在索科特拉岛培训过的日、德精英飞行员驾驶鱼雷机命中率理论上可超过50%，俯冲轰炸机命中率超过90%，实战中由于敌舰闪躲、防空火力威慑等缘故，俯冲轰炸命中率还能接近50%，但鱼雷攻击命中率不到20%。
德军如此，美军反差就更大，其攻击机飞行员鱼雷命中率在训练中都低于10%，实战中只有3%略多。如此低下的命中率和训练方式有密切关系，美军现有舰队航母舰载机飞行员大多从护航航母上抽调而来，而后者根本无法起降鱼雷机，因此飞行员们没有实践机会，只有转到舰队航母后才训练鱼雷攻击战术，技术能力可想而知。
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