第五十三章 米尼式步枪
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李植暂时无法生产火炮，火炮铸造技术是个难点。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com但来复枪，或者说米尼式来复枪的制造技术却不难，李植只要把设计图画出来，大明做鸟铳的匠户完全可以仿制。
燧发枪机的部件，找工匠按图制作然后组装就是了。唯一一个新东西，便是一个手工拉床。但这种拉床对精度要求不高，李植只要设计图画出来，大明的铁匠就能造出来。
范家庄没有会打造鸟铳的匠户，李植回到天津卫城，找到五个会打造鸟铳的匠户，让他们先制造鸟铳给自己看看。
明代匠户是世袭身份，隶属于工部﹐分轮班匠﹑住坐匠二类。明初规定﹕轮班匠须一年或五年一班轮流到官手工作坊服役﹐每班平均三个月。住坐匠则是每月到官方手工作坊中服役十天。但是到了明末，匠户制度土崩瓦解，匠户只需要缴纳银钱就可以免于服役。每名轮班匠每年纳”班匠银”四钱五分，住坐匠则须月出银一钱。
付了银子，匠户就是自由的，可以任意雇佣。比如李植就可以随意雇佣天津卫城里的匠户。李植以前做飞梭雇佣的铁匠，也有好几个就是匠户。
李植找到的这五个匠户都是住坐匠，每月上交坐匠银，在卫城里打铁为生。至于为官家打造武器的活计，他们偶尔也干，但从来没从官爷的手上拿到过银子。此时听见范家庄的百户让他们做鸟铳，五人以为又是没钱拿的买卖，都不情愿。李植了解了情况后，给了五人每人五两银子材料钱和工钱，把五人乐得一愣一愣的，这才不再言语，开始制造鸟铳。
李植在范家庄熟悉各方面的情况，同时时不时骑马到卫城来，来看看匠户们的进度。
做鸟铳最先做的就是枪管：匠户们各自找来几块熟铁打成片状，把这些熟铁片烧红了，中间垫着一根圆形钢条，在一个钢制半圆形凹槽里反复转动敲打，把熟铁片敲成枪管形状，然后再用铁粉和硼砂焊合缝隙处，反复敲打直到焊接处牢固了。枪管粗成型后，匠户把枪管放在一个钻孔器械上钻孔，钻头上涂油，一点一点换上大些的钻头，一点点刨掉枪管内部不均匀处，直到在枪管里面钻出一个平滑的内膛。
这钻孔的工夫最花时间，一个匠户要钻上十几天才能钻出一根合格的枪管。枪管做好了，鸟铳制造就完成了大半，后面的枪托等做起来都是简单的。
李植等那五个匠户钻好了枪管，便让他们停了工序。
“你们怎么防止鸟铳炸膛呢？”
名字叫做王老大的匠户在五人中技术最好，算是个领头的，他说道：“管队大人，按照规矩，枪管做好后，我们要在枪膛里放上寻常四倍的火药炸一次，如果炸完后枪膛没有开裂，这根枪管才被采用！有裂纹的枪管，就作为废品处理了！经过这一步检验，做成的鸟铳不会有炸镗的。”
顿了顿，王老大又说道：“不过这年头长官克扣材料，这枪管用料不足，在四倍火药的检验下肯定有裂纹。但没办法，材料不足！便是不合格的鸟铳，也交上去了。这一步关键的检验这些年都没人做了。”
王老大说出了明末火器制度败坏，鸟铳无人敢用的原因。其实还有一个原因王老大没说，就是为官府做火器官府克扣甚至不给工钱，匠户们为了养家糊口接其他有钱赚的活计，也只能草草完工，敷衍了事。
明末的官员腐败已经到了无药可救的程度。这样的环境下生产出来的武器其质量可想而知，也不怪大明朝的军队遇到鞑子一触即溃。
李植点了点头，确定这五个匠户技术上没有问题，这才问道：“你们这些年过的日子如何？”
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