第二百九十章 油浸麻布
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李植回到范家庄，在大炮作坊里找了个独立的院子，作为蒸汽机的研究场所。龙腾小说ltxsba.com??
蒸汽机的原理非常简单，无非是利用水加热变成蒸气时候的膨胀压力推动活塞运动，然后又利用蒸气冷却成水时候产生的真空吸动活塞运动，这两种运动结合在一起，就带动了活塞不断上下推动，进而对外传输动力。
在后世的历史上，实用的蒸汽机是在十八世纪早期出现的，距离此时的崇祯十二年也就几十年。其中比较有名的便如纽卡门蒸汽机。这种蒸汽机原理十分简单，就是用蒸气的力量推动活塞后，往气缸中喷入冷水冷却蒸气，让产生的真空再把活塞吸回来。反复这两部运动，变可以往外传动。
在历史上，这种结构简单的蒸汽机一度生产了几千台，广泛应用于英国的煤炭矿井，用于从矿井中抽水。这种蒸汽机的使用，帮助英国成为十八世纪初欧洲最大的煤炭产地。
李植没有实际做过蒸汽机，决定从最简单的纽卡门蒸汽机做起，先易后难。先把纽卡门蒸汽机做出来，再升级改造它。
不过要做蒸汽机，李植先要做的是简单的车床。没有车床就没法精加工钢铁物件。李植此前已经做出了镗床，车床的结构也类似了，只不过一个是旋转镗刀，一个是旋转要加工的物件，但同样的地方是都是旋转一个东西去磨另一个东西，结构是类似的。
李植指导铁匠，花了五天的时间做了一个简易车床，用自己炼出来的坩埚钢做车刀。最后做出来的车床只能说是原始车床但已经足够李植使用了。
车床生产出来后，就可以用来车制活塞了。李植先要做一个直径三十厘米的汽缸，先用生铁铸成，然后用镗床精加工成型。在镗床里面，要放置一个同样直径三十厘米的活塞。李植让铁匠用生铁铸造成型，然后车床精加工。
经过反复的比对，加工，再比对，再加工，最后李植得到了两个严丝合缝的汽缸和活塞。李植把底盘打开的汽缸放在烧开的水上面，现这个活塞完全不漏气。想来即便是较高压的水蒸气压进来，漏气的度也会很慢。
李植在活塞上做了一个推杆，由上下运动的活塞推动。
然后是冷却装置，李植在活塞旁边固定了一个冷水桶，冷水桶连着汽缸底部，连接处有一个阀门。在推杆的最外端做一个机关控制阀门，如果推杆被水蒸气顶到最上面去了，机关就被打开，冷水就喷入汽缸中冷却蒸气。水蒸气一冷却，活塞就带动推杆往下运动，运动到最底下时候触动机关关闭冷水的闸门，如此反复。
然后就是做锅炉。这个锅炉必须足够大，能够产生足够的蒸气推动。锅炉做好后和汽缸连在一起，整个纽卡门式蒸汽机就算做好了。
李植花了五天做好了各个部件，把部件拧在一起，开始试验做的是否成功。
锅炉一烧热，李植现整个蒸汽机到处都漏气。精加工的活塞和汽缸之间倒是没怎么漏气，但那些管道的连接处是用螺纹拧在一起的，缝隙较大，此时到处都往外喷水汽。
不过即便是到处漏气，蒸汽机还是成功了，这是因为锅炉中烧出水蒸气的度高于管道中漏气的度。水汽推动活塞做功，不停地上下运动。因为各个管道处漏气，汽缸内的气压也刚好得到控制，那推杆上下运动的度还比较稳定，七、次。
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