第五百三十九章 洗手间
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抽水马桶的结构说起来很简单，十六世纪就有英国人约翰·哈林顿发明了抽水马桶。龙腾小说ltxsba.com一七七五年，伦敦有个叫亚历山大·卡明的钟表匠改进了哈林顿的设计，发明了一种阀门装置，研制出冲水型抽水马桶，并首次获得了专利权。
作为一个工业设计师，李植当然清楚抽水马桶的结构。对李植来说，画出抽水马桶的结构图是非常简单的。
抽水马桶的水箱开关很简单，拿着李植画的设计图，基本上找一个手艺合格的铜匠就会做。虽然这个时代没有塑料，但是使用铜材可以代替塑料。
马桶的陶瓷桶身也不是难事。这个时代大明已经可以造出各种巧夺天工的瓷器，烧制马桶桶身也是小菜一碟。李植找来了蔡怀水，把设计图交给他，让他找几家靠得住的烧瓷匠户制造桶身。
天津本地就有烧瓷的，只用了七天时间，蔡怀水就找人烧出了三个桶身。
李植在玻璃作坊里挖了个坑，把烧出来的马桶桶身和铜匠做的铜质机关组装起来安在坑上，大明的第一个抽水马桶就算是诞生了。李植扔了几团废纸到马桶里，一按按钮一冲，纸团就被冲到了马桶下方的水坑里。
虽然这个时代没有自来水，但是井水是很容易获得的。范家庄每十幢别墅就挖有一口井。使用抽水马桶前，使用者需要提一桶水倒入抽水马桶上部的陶瓷桶中。因为使用人力注水，马桶水箱中的浮球也不需要做了。这个浮球是整个抽水马桶技术中最复杂的一环，不生产浮球可以节省不少成本。
对于抽水马桶来说，马桶的固定是很重要的，管道和管道之间必须对准了不动。李植生产的水泥此时就排上用场了。只要在厕所里用水泥固定好抽水马桶的桶身，就不存在桶身挪位无法使用的问题。
这种新式马桶大量生产后，将优先向范家庄的百姓出售。
范家庄的别墅下面都挖有化粪池，安装抽水马桶不需要改造下水道。李植给范家庄百姓给出了优惠价格：只要持范家庄居民的腰牌来购买抽水马桶，价格就低至二两。这个价格还包括安装费和水泥材料费，只要付了二两银子，预约个时间，施工队就会上门为居民装抽水马桶。
这基本上是成本价格，李植希望能用抽水马桶改善范家庄的卫生条件，也不指望这个新物事能为自己赚多少银子。
实际上，对于范家庄的居民来说，安装马桶不但可以消除厕所的恶臭，而且还能一下子让百姓们多出一间小房间出来——以前李植设计的范家庄小别墅里面有专门的一间澡堂。如今厕所装了抽水马桶后，厕所就不脏不臭了。百姓们可以在厕所里开辟一个洗澡的空间来，而空出来的澡房就可以做一个小房间。
花二两银子不但可以改善卫生条件，还能空出一间小房间，这是十分划算的买卖。原先的澡房可以用来摆放杂物，也可以作为儿童的卧室。
李植为桓立德安装马桶后，桓家立即摆脱了厕所的恶臭，还多出了一间房间。桓家所在的三横街百姓参观了桓家的新式马桶后，立即把其中的好处传播出去了。范家庄的百姓一个个争先到范家庄的抽水马桶店里交钱、预约。没过几天，整个范家庄的百姓几乎全部登记购买了。
天津其他地方的民宅则情况不同。天津的民宅大多没有建化粪池，要安装抽水马桶要临时挖化粪池，这工程量就大了。没有七、八两银子土木工程工钱，这抽水马桶是无法用上的。所以在天津卫城和其他府、县，抽水马桶还暂时没能流行起来。
但李植相信，随着范家庄百姓的示范作用，喜欢跟风新事物的明朝百姓，尤其是其中的富裕百姓，一定会渐渐装上抽水马桶的。
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