第六百八十四章 转炉
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第六百八十四章转炉
五月二十五日，李植看着十几个德州来的坩埚匠人，递了两块石头。龙腾小说ltxsba.com
以前李植一直让蔡怀水去德州购买烧玻璃和炼钢用的坩埚。实际，李植已经成为德州坩埚匠人的头号客户。
这次李植要建设炼钢转炉，干脆出高价把这些人请来，让他们到范家庄来为李植建造转炉炉衬。
这些年得了李植天量的坩埚订单，这些德州人显然都富起来了。此时十几个匠人一个个衣着体面面色红润，一看是生活富裕的人群。
那几个坩埚匠人看了看李植递过去的石头，捏了捏，说道：“国公爷！这是白云石和高岭石！”
李植听到这句老道的话，赞赏地看了看这几个德州人，暗道这不愧是为自己生产了无数炼钢坩埚的匠人。实际李植为了找到较为纯净的白云石和高岭石花费了不少工夫，专门雇佣二十多个人在山东找矿，找了两年多才找到。
有了这两项材料，李植才能做出合格的转炉炉衬。
十几个坩埚匠人将李植的两块石头转递着看，一个个都忍不住点头称赞。李植这两块石头纯度很高，是难得的好矿石，和一边山野里可以找到的普通矿石大不一样。
李植等这些技术人员都看了一遍矿石，才说道：“我要你们用这两种矿石为我做一个大型高炉炉衬。”
听了李植的话，一个德州匠人好问道：“用高岭石做炉衬我们明白，这高岭石高热时候十分坚韧，是制作坩埚的好材料。但是为什么要用白云石呢？”
其实明人所谓的白云石是碳酸钙镁。这种矿石虽然也同样耐受高温，但相对于高岭石来说更加稀少，而且加工难度也更大。李植之所以要采用这种材料和高岭石一起做转炉内衬，是因为氧化镁可以耐受碱性钢水。
磷是钢有害杂质之一。含磷较多的钢，在室温或更低的温度下使用时，容易脆裂，称为“冷脆”。钢含碳越高，磷引起的脆性越严重。一般普通钢规定含磷量不超过0.045%，优质钢要求含磷更少。
但是大自然的铁矿石不含磷的极少。相应的，李植能在大明市面买到的炼钢材料生铁，也必然含有大量的磷。这些磷元素溶在钢水会形成碱性环境。只有使用白云石制作碱性炉衬，才能在炼钢过程把磷除掉。
原先的历史，1856年贝塞麦发明了酸性转炉炼钢法。但酸性转炉炼钢不能脱磷。1879年托马斯发明了能处理高磷铁水的碱性转炉炼钢法，才让欧洲各国都能大规模生产普通钢材。李植采用的是这种碱性转炉法。
不过这些炼钢知识李植却不准备和新来的匠人说得太细，李植淡淡说道：“我的炼钢高炉需要这样的内衬，你们用这个白云石和高岭石做出耐受高温的衬壁便是。”
坩埚匠人又抓着白云石把玩了一阵，最后说道：“我们可能还要在炉衬里用一些黑滑石。”
李植点了点头，说道：“可以！”
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