1032【新书反响】
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
“张居正的改革措施，彻底暴露了中央集权过度带来的不良后果。最新地址ltxsba.fun在下层行政单位尚有许多实际问题没能解决以前，行政效率的增进必然迟缓和有限。强行提高效率，超过了一定限度，只会造成行政系统内部的不安，整个官僚集团会因压力过高而或分裂、或纠集，实际问题又会演变成道德问题。”
“再观今日之征实征购政策，中央强行要求提高效率，而下层行政单位问题极多，难以实现政令的有效执行。这造成整个中国的行政系统难以适应，中层和基层官僚压力过高，只能以粗暴的方式欺上瞒下。譬如河南之征购，官员为了完成任务，选择对中央隐瞒灾荒事实，而不顾民情大肆征敛。这就带来一系列严重后果，政府威信大失，百姓苦不堪言。继而延伸为道德问题，政府高举抗战大义，要人民倾其所有奉献国家，不支持征购则不爱国。百姓认为政府横征暴敛，没有为人民考虑，领袖和官员的私德也遭到怀疑。”
“史学界有一种说法，即‘明朝税重民穷’。似乎是因为当时贪官污吏横行，百姓被摊派的赋税过重，富者愈富，穷者愈穷，其实这跟事实有多出入。同时期，英国税收与明朝相当，而人口却只有明朝的三十分之一，英国怎么就能继续发展壮大呢？原因不在赋税过重，而在于政府和法律的低等。即便国家税率低，受惠的也并非农民，只能鼓励地主家中盘剥和官僚额外剥削。”
“道德并非万能的，政府不能依靠单纯的抗战大义，而要求百姓舍家报国。更要健全法律制度，完善行政体系，遏制贪污**，鼓励扶持先进经济，减少对传统农业的压榨……”
这些都是陈寅恪写的评论文章，写完之后他就烧了，并没有拿出去发表。
陈寅恪从来不谈论政治，但并不代表他不懂政治。学史学到他那个地步，很多事情比官僚看得更清，但也仅此而已，不能改变中国的现状。
坐而论道谁都会，难的是如何解决问题。
没法解决！
常凯申当然想完善行政系统，提高基层官员的执行力。但这是不可能办到的，除非在中国进行一场触及根本的大改革，而抗战特殊时期的内外部条件都不允许他这么做。
所以陈寅恪把文章烧了，发表出来也无益，反而会因此得罪掌权者。
烧完文章，陈寅恪很快又重写了一篇，单纯从治史方法来分析。他首先批评了周赫煊对于某些史料的无视，认为周赫煊的某些思想稍显片面，同时又赞扬风格独特、观点新颖，为明史研究开拓了新的形式与方向。
……
陈寅恪的第二篇文章还未发表，吴晗就已经开始对大家吹捧了。
吴晗也是研究明史的专家，他早前虽然属于自由派，但性格非常激进。早在十多年前，吴晗就给胡适写信说：“翻开任何国家、任何朝代的历史来看，找不出这样一个卑鄙无耻、丧心病狂的政府。”
吴晗请求胡适指出一条明路，胡适让吴晗“科学救国”。
那时吴晗非常尊崇胡适，特地在毕业照背面写下胡适的名言：“大胆的假设，小心的求证。少说些空话，多读些好书。”
然而，吴晗到了西南联大，国党的**和不顾学者死活的态度，再加上好友在贫寒病痛中去世，让吴晗的思想彻底转左。他的行为做法比闻一多更加激进，不但投身于各种反蒋活动，还写了一本。
这本书后来改名为，跟周赫煊的几乎同时出版，专门用来影射常凯申。
在读了之后，吴晗感觉找到了知己。虽然他们一个写朱元璋，一个写万历朝，但都是走的“影射史学”的路子，都是在抨击常凯申和国民政府。
吴晗连续写了好几篇评论文章，把奉为“中国现代史著不可再有之经典”。
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