1033【疏漏】
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费孝通继续道：“明初的地方政府有权且有钱，那么就能做很多事情，譬如水利、教育、交通、慈善、治安等等。由于土地兼并日益严重，地方政府能收到的税越来越少，在没钱的情况下只能放弃部分权利职能，转而由乡绅宗族力量承办地方公共事务。这种办法使得地方政府又省钱又省事，于是积极认可和鼓励，乡绅宗族渐渐接管了对基层社会的控制权和管理权，甚至连政府收税也得依靠士绅了。”
“原来如此。”周赫煊豁然开朗。
费孝通又说：“其实‘一条鞭法’也非张居正首创，而是因为地方税收太过杂乱，由南方各县政府根据实际情况自发进行调整，张居正把这种赋税调整办法总结为全国性的制度。由此可见，当时许多有能力的地方官员，还是想要收回基层管理权力。张居正的改革并非无人支持，只不过他的改革手段太过激进，引起了官员和士绅的集体反弹。”
“多谢指教，我准备对《万历十五年》进行修改，再过几个月就出修订版。”周赫煊说道。
费孝通没想到周赫煊如此虚心接受异见，他连忙说：“不必修改。周先生的原作并未有大的错误，只是有少许疏漏而已。”
“能改则改，你说的是一个大问题。”周赫煊已经把黄仁宇的原版改了很多，结果还是被历史学家指出不足。
张其昀赞叹道：“周先生不愧为大师，治学态度之严谨，足为我等楷模。”
张其昀乃是中国“人文地理学”、“历史地理学”的开山鼻祖，师从哲学大师刘伯明、地理大师竺可桢、史学大师柳诒徵，因此他在哲学和史学方面也有颇高造诣，且精通藏学、满学、蒙古学等少数民族学。
周维烈读高中时的地理教科书，就是张其昀主编的。他还跟戴运轨一起主编了高中物理教科书，跟林语堂一起主编了高中英语教科书。这三本教科书，抗战期间被中国的大部分高中所采用。
1949年初，常凯申不知何去何从，向张其昀问策。
张其昀犹豫多时，终于说了一句话：“上上策是退守台湾！”
常凯申心头一惊，立即把张其昀叫到密室里详谈。
在此之前，常凯申有三个选择，即退往西南、海南或台湾。而国党的大部分官僚和将领，都倾向于退守西南，最终底线也是盘踞四川，固守山川之利而静待良机。
其实这很好理解，日寇那么强悍都无法攻入四川，共党自然也不可能做到。国民政府的官员们就是如此想法，大不了以后统治“巴蜀国”。
唯独张其昀力劝常凯申退守台湾，并详细分析了各种选择的后果，常凯申当场就被张其昀给说服了。
正因建言有功，在老蒋南撤台湾以后，张其昀一路飞黄腾达，历任台当局的国党总裁办公室秘书组主任、国党中宣部长、教育部长等职。而在此之前，张其昀只不过是国民政府的教育部特聘教授而已。
如果没有张其昀出谋划策，老蒋很可能盘踞在四川割据抵抗，就不存在什么两岸问题了。
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