559【费正清】
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费正清玩味地看着二人，笑了笑没说话。
蒋廷黻也帮着转移话题，问道：“约翰，你这次来中国是为了写博士论文，内容有眉目了吗？”
费正清说：“我最近在研究晚清时期鸦片贸易的合法性。”
“这还用问？”朱光潜想当然地说道，“自虎门销烟以来，鸦片贸易在中国一直是非法的。虽然实际上屡禁不止，但政府不可能公开承认鸦片贸易。”
周赫煊笑道：“恰恰相反，第二次鸦片战争的结果，就是清政府公开允许鸦片贸易。”
“有这种事？”朱光潜大为惊讶。
周赫煊解释说：“第二次鸦片战争期间，清政府被迫与英、法、美三国签署《通商章程善后条约·海关税则》，准许外商在通商口岸销售鸦片，并以洋药的名目征税，从此鸦片成为晚清时期的合法进口商品。”
朱光潜对中国近代史并没有什么研究，他仿佛被颠覆了三观，震惊道：“怎么会这样？清政府竟然将鸦片贸易合法化。”
周赫煊说：“当时鸦片贸易的主要路线是‘广州—上海—芜湖’，再从芜湖发往全国。从1878年到1912年的34年里，芜湖进口的鸦片有9万担，总计流出白银5000多万两。由于鸦片买卖利润巨大，国内经销商经常靠走私来逃避厘金税，而清政府为了收税，竟把鸦片税承包给私人。承包效果非常喜人，只一年时间便偷税大减、厘金剧增，引起鸦片商人的强烈反对，清政府迫于洋人压力才取消承包制。”
在场的知情者只能苦笑，不知情者听得目瞪口呆。
一个国家居然公开将鸦片贸易合法化，大摇大摆的对鸦片收税，而且还被偷税漏税搞得焦头烂额，以至于把鸦片税承包给私人。这已经够可笑了，更可笑的是鸦片商敢联合起来怼政府，摆明了老子就是要强行偷税，清政府碍于洋人压力竟然做出妥协！
金岳霖摇头感叹：“清政府不垮台，岂有天理？”
费正清接着说：“我这次要写的论文，题目就叫《1858年条约签订前鸦片贸易的合法性》。我翻阅了许多的相关资料，在清政府将鸦片贸易合法化之前，鸦片贸易在中国其实也是半合法状态。比如《南京条约》谈判期间，璞鼎查正式提出鸦片贸易问题，中国官员耆英的答复是：各国商船是否载运鸦片，中国政府不再过问。实质上是公开承认鸦片走私。”
周赫煊顺着费正清的话说：“所以在鸦片战争之后，清政府虽然表面上禁止鸦片贸易，但实际上根本不敢管。所以才有后来的鸦片贸易合法化，因为鸦片贸易合法之后，至少清政府能够对其征税，大大增加了政府的税收。”
费正清补充道：“马礼逊对清朝官员说的一番话，就很好的概括了当时的情况。他说：中国对鸦片名禁实不禁，名为禁烟，实为免税，为今之计，与其禁之，不如税之。”
众人尽皆无语，说起清政府，大家很自然的想起现在的南京政府，相比而言实在是好不了多少。
费正清对周赫煊说：“周先生，我对中国的所有情况都很感兴趣，以后可以向你请教学术问题吗？”
“当然，我们可以保持通信。”周赫煊道。
“那就一言为定！”费正清大喜。
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