第一百二十四章 以打促和(五)
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鄂霍次克海,东为堪察加半岛,东南为千岛群岛,南为北海道岛,西、北为西伯利亚,西南为库页岛。更多小说ltxsba.com在鞑靼海峡与拉彼鲁兹海峡(宗谷海峡)与日本海相连。当地最著名的景观为冬季在海面出现的浮冰。海水由大陆排放的水、雨水、从太平洋穿过千岛群岛的无数海峡西流之水,以及从日本海经过拉佩鲁兹海峡北流之水组成。温带季风气候。
基本介绍
鄂霍次克海是西北太平洋的一个海,得名于鄂霍次克。鄂霍次克海原称通古斯海或拉穆特海。旧时日本称为“北海”,后来改指位于欧洲的北海,故今改用俄语音译。中国唐代称“少海”、“北海”。俄国人于17世纪进至鄂霍次克海,1731年建立鄂霍次克区舰队,基地设在鄂霍次克港。1855年,区舰队基地迁驻尼古拉耶夫斯克(庙街)。
地貌地质
鄂霍次克海形成于第四纪(250万年至1万年前),经历了多次冰川的进退。海底坡度由北往西南下倾。按其地貌特征大致可分为陆架区、陆坡区和深水海盆。近岸陆架区占海区总面积的40%。中央部分海底为陆坡区,零星地分布着一些水下高地、洼地和海槽。深水海盆主要有两个:在库页岛东面为一宽广的捷留金海盆,地形崎岖不平;在千岛群岛内侧的是千岛海盆,为一深海平原,是全海区最深之处。海底沉积物,近岸带为粗砾、细砾和砂;陆架和岛架区主要为砂;深水海域沉积物则为粉砂质泥、粉砂粘土和泥质;千岛群岛地区的底质,一般多含火山碎屑物质,许多地方已形成各种粒度的凝灰岩沉积层。
鄂霍次克海岛屿周围海底常发生地震,并形成破坏力巨大的津浪(地震海啸)。大陆架面积广阔(占海底面积42%以上),约宽400千米。分布在北部和西部;靠近千岛群岛的南部是深海盆地(9%以上);中部是带状大陆坡,交替分布有海底洼地和海底高原(48%以上)。海流从东北经中部、千岛群岛流向太平洋,与白令海来的海流汇合,形成千岛寒流(亲潮);南部局部地区有暖流经过。
地理位置
太平洋西北部的边缘海。大部分为东北亚的不同地形区所围绕。鄂霍次克海西濒俄罗斯的西伯利亚海岸,南起黑龙江河口湾,北至品仁纳河口。东以堪察加半岛和千岛群岛为界,南抵日本的北海道,西南至俄罗斯的萨哈林岛。鄂霍次克海覆盖面积158.3万平方千米。平均水深777米,海水冲刷着日本和俄罗斯两国的海岸。
大陆沿岸大部分为高峻岩岸,其间散布着注入该海的地区性大河的河口。诸如黑龙江、乌第河、鄂霍塔河、吉日加河及品仁纳河等。海底由北向南和西南倾斜。北部和西北部为深达200米的大陆棚,而其余地区是深200-1500米不等的大陆斜坡。
地形特点
南北最长2460千米,东西最宽1480千米,面积约152.8万平方千米,平均水深838米。北部有宽阔的大陆架,往南水深增加。中部水深1000-1600米,东部最深处达3658米。海岸线较平直,总长10460千米。较大海湾有舍列霍夫湾、乌德湾、太湾、阿卡德米湾等。海水北浅南深。平均深度821米,北浅南深,最深处3521米(千岛海盆)。水容量达136.5万立方千米。盐度32.8‰-33.8‰。
夕阳下的鄂霍次克海
鄂霍次克海北浅南深,北部近岸是大陆架区,中央是大陆坡区,南部萨哈林岛(库页岛)东侧和千岛群岛内侧是两个深水海盆。海盆边缘的千岛群岛位于地壳活动带,北部和西北部为深达200米的大陆棚,而其馀地区是深200-1500米不等的大陆斜坡。海底常发生地震和火山活动,有30个活火山和70个死火山。海底地形自北向南倾斜,北部大陆架宽广。东南部有著名的千岛海盆,最深处达3521米。鄂霍次克海南北气候差异明显。北部处于高纬度,又伸入亚洲大陆,具有副极地大陆性气候。冬季严寒而漫长,夏季温暖而短促,年降水量400-700毫米;南部受海洋调节属温带海洋性气候,年降水量1000毫米以上。1月北部平均气温零下24c,南部零下10c;8月北部平均气温11c,南部则为17c。冬季来自大陆的干冷西北风。不仅可以激起海面大浪,而且引起大范围降温,使大部分海区结冰。北部一般11月开始结冰,冰期持续到来年6月,南部冰期大多不超过3个月。海区结冰或有浮冰,不利于航行。海海区因有寒流和暖流交汇,而有浓雾形成。海水中营养盐类较多,利于海洋生物繁殖,产堪察加蟹、鲑鱼、鲱鱼、鳕鱼、鲽鱼等。重要港口有马加丹、鄂霍次克等。
海岸状况编辑
沿岸大部高峻陡峭;堪察加半岛西岸、萨哈林岛和北海道岛北岸低平,多泻湖,岸线较平直。大海湾有舍列霍夫湾、萨哈林湾和捷尔佩尼耶湾。其间散布着注入该海的地区性大河的河口。诸如黑龙江、乌第河、鄂霍塔河、吉日加河及品仁纳河等。
地质活动情况编辑
香港天文台2008年7月5日上午10时19分记录一次猛烈地震,震央位于俄罗斯彼得罗巴甫洛夫斯克之西北偏西约380千米,地震规模为里氏7.5级。经初步分析,震中位于鄂霍次克海,目前尚未有伤亡及损毁报告。
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