第一千零一百二十九章 垄断竞争
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易知足索性停下脚步，掏出烟盒来点了支烟，这才慢条斯理的道：“垄断是在自由竞争的基础上形成的，垄断和自由竞争，两者的关系是相互依存，相生相灭，相互循环转换。
自由竞争发展到一定程度，必然导致垄断，而垄断发展到一定程度，也必然被打破重新形成自由竞争。
不论是自由竞争还是垄断，都各有利弊。我国向来讲究中庸之道，适度的垄断和自由竞争，适时的转换和引导，才是对国家，对社会最为有益的。
举例说，象铁路行业，我国这些年铁路发展的十分快，但竞争也很激烈，不少省份采取降价竞争的手段，以至于不少商人放着近道不走，宁愿绕远路，这不仅造成了资源的浪费，也导致铁路利润大幅降低。
情况继续恶化下去，不少铁路公司将难以生存，不得不主动变卖或者是被收购，时间一长，就会形成垄断。
假如，我国的铁路全部被元奇垄断，统一调度经营统一定价，这不仅可以最大限度的利用资源，也必然会产生极为丰厚的利润。不过，如此一来，会出现什么弊端？”
易正行不假思索的道：“缺乏竞争，又能保证丰厚的利润，必然导致固步自封，不思进取，影响铁路技术的进一步发展。”
易知足笑道：“那如果是几大家或者是十余家铁路公司形成垄断呢？”
“那就是既有垄断，也有竞争。”易正行道：“为了追求更高的利润和市场份额，这些铁路公司之间会互相竞争，而且也有足够的资金研发新技术。”
“对！”易知足颌首道：“所以为了避免无序的恶性竞争，需要形成垄断，但为了保证市场活力，保证技术创新，不能形成高度垄断，适度的垄断和适度的竞争才是最合适的。
朝廷需要做的，是在需要垄断的时候，进行扶持，形成垄断，在需要竞争的时候，就打破垄断，创造有利于竞争的条件。”
赵烈文饶有兴致的道：“那国家垄断又是怎么回事？算不算是高度垄断？”
“国家垄断并不是指朝廷实行高度垄断，而是指垄断资本与国家政权相结合的垄断方式。”易知足道：“我国目前实际上就属于国家垄断，元奇就是最大的垄断资本。”
说到这里，他一笑，“当然，不可否认的是，我国目前确实是属于高度垄断，这也是我为什么要元奇逐步放弃垄断的原因，我们应该由高度垄断逐步向适度的垄断过渡。”
赵烈文担忧的道：“我国之所以能在短短四十年内发展到今天这个地步，完全依赖于元奇的高度垄断，如果过渡到适度垄断，在与西洋各国的竞争中还能保持优势吗？”
“当然，这一点无须质疑。”易知足语气笃定的道：“我们知道后面的路该怎么走，西洋各国却还在摸索之中。”
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第一千零一百二十九章垄断竞争
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