第一六零章 四品顶戴
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《国债论》若在邸报上刊发，无异于直接表明了朝廷的态度，日后再想反对，可就千难万难，眼见的户部众人齐声附和，穆彰阿心里不由的有些着急，发行国债与元奇银行息息相关，一旦朝廷决意发行国债，则必然会纵容元奇银行壮大，而他是坚决反对元奇垄断一省之钱业。龙腾小说ltxsba.com
虽然心里急，但穆彰阿却不愿意率先开口反对，道光的态度已经很明朗，是倾向于发行国债的，身为首席军机大臣，他不得不谨慎。
“皇上。”工部尚书敬征开口道：“国债年息一钱，虽是低息，但国债数额巨大，动辄数百万，一年利息亦是数十万，微臣窃以为，发行国债易，偿还国债难，一旦发行国债，便如饮鸩止渴，欲罢不能，长此以往，恐朝廷为地方钱庄所挟，微臣恳祈皇上慎思。”
敬征，爱新觉罗.敬征，恭亲王永锡第五子，历任工部侍郎，户部侍郎、左都御史、兵部尚书、工部尚书，颇受道光器重，他这一开口，穆彰阿不由的暗松了一口气，果然，吏部尚书奕经接着就道：“发行国债虽可解一时之急，却陷朝廷于长期窘迫之境，微臣乞望皇上三思。”，
见两个宗室反对，军机大臣潘世恩连忙躬身道：“微臣不敢苟同。《国债论》说的很清楚，朝廷发行国债，并非是地方钱庄认购，而是地方士绅商贾百姓购买国债，不存在朝廷为地方钱庄要挟的可能。
至于发行国债，如饮鸩止渴，陷朝廷于长期窘迫之境，更是荒谬，国债乃是低息，期限亦长，或三年或五年，这期间朝廷可从容筹划，或开源或节流，以弥补国债利息，再则，朝廷发行国债，必经户部详细核算，发行数额，期限长短，如何偿还，皆有计划，何来饮鸩止渴，长期窘迫之说？
主辱臣死，主忧臣辱，国库空虚，国用不足，皇上忧思难寐，诸位不思为君分忧，不思开源节流，这也阻止，那也阻止，是何道理？难不成诸位还另有良策以解君忧？
兴建铁路，确有弊端，但明显是利大于弊，一条铁路，可为朝廷增加多少岁入？诸位可曾想过？发行国债，不仅可用于灾荒战事救急，太平年月，亦可通过发行国债投入建设以增岁入，诸位又可曾想到？”
说到这里，他微微一顿，就地跪下，叩首道：“兴建铁路，发行国债，乃是真正开源，微臣伏乞皇上恩准。”
潘世恩是三朝老臣，乾隆五十八年状元，历任《四库全书》总裁、文颖馆总裁、翰林院掌院学士、武英殿总裁、国史馆总裁，礼部尚书，工部尚书、吏部尚书，擢升为军机大臣又管理户部事务，在朝中德高望重，门生故吏遍天下。
他这番话说的极不客气，却也堵的众人不敢开口，国库空虚，财政拮据，满朝文武谁也拿不出行之有效的办法来，略微迟疑，王鼎也跟着跪下，还未开口，道光就开口道：“都平身。”
待的两人起身，他长叹了一声，道：“朕恪于祖训，永不加赋，但岁入有定，国用却是逐年累增，这些年广开捐纳以敷国用，要说饮鸩止渴，广开捐纳才是饮鸩止渴，朝廷如今急需开源，也到了非开源不可的地步。”
说到这里，他扫了众人一眼，道：“都跪安罢，潘世恩、王鼎留下。”
待的一众大臣跪安退出，道光才看向二人，道：“易知足此人，你们可了解？”
潘世恩躬身道：“回皇上，易知足乃十三行孚泰行行商易允昌之三子，年方十八，素好杂学，尤喜西学，擅长经济，精通夷语，元奇银行乃是十三行子弟合资开办，开业不过一月，便借助广州茶叶崩盘，逼迫广州银行会馆解散，一统广州钱业。”
对于易知足的详细情况，邓廷桢在奏折中有详细的叙述，道光自然清楚，当即顺着话头道：“年方十八，就能有如此见识，实属不易……，火车铁路，朕有诸多不解之处，发行国债，亦无例可循……。”
略微沉吟，他才缓声道：“朕有意招他入京，你二人以为如何？”
王鼎曾经给邓廷桢去信，表露出招揽之意，却被易知足拒绝了，见潘世恩没开口，他躬身道：“微臣窃以为不可，易知足年少，朝中反对兴建铁路、发行国债者众，招其来京，恐生事端，再则，易知足是元奇银行大掌柜，招其进京，恐不利于元奇。
元奇一统地方钱业，低息放贷，大力扶持地方农业商业手工业的发展，能有效避免农民破产，利于缓解土地集中，也利于朝廷管理地方钱业，便于商税征收，又能承接国债发行，有着诸多益处。
但凡事有一利必有一弊，元奇有何弊端如今尚未显露出来，微臣窃以为，不妨将元奇做一试点，既无须着意扶持，亦无须刻意打压，暂且观察两年。
若是元奇于朝廷确是利大于弊，则可鼓励各省仿效元奇，由一实力雄厚之钱庄垄断一省之钱业，如此，朝廷亦可轻松掌控地方钱业，国债发行规模亦可大幅提升。
至于要详细的了解火车铁路，国债发行等情况，可着邓廷桢细细回奏，亦可遣人前去广州与易知足详谈。”
道光听完，仰着脸思忖了片刻，才道：“治大国若烹小鲜，操之过急，往往事与愿违，暂且观望一两年，亦无不可，不过元奇一统地方钱业，低息放贷，朝中大员反对者众，若是不闻不问，元奇必遭打压。”
“皇上圣明。”潘世恩躬身道：“元奇银行低息放贷，竖敌无数，却又关系到发行国债和兴建铁路的成败，即便是要观望，亦须稍加照应，以彰显朝廷恩德，微臣窃以为，应在邸报刊载《国债论》，应着十三行引进火车铁路，以详细考察，对于元奇大掌柜易知足，应赏以虚衔，以示朝廷恩典。”
略微沉吟，道光才开口道：“既是暂且观望，《国债论》就不宜在邸报上刊载，赏以易知足虚衔，就足以表明朕的态度，既是出自朕的恩赏，品秩也不能低了，赏其四品顶戴。”
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