第五百章 鱼与熊掌
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从根子上？道光疑惑的看了他一眼，道：“你考虑过八旗生计问题？”
旗人生计问题，易知足在闲暇之时与魏源、包世臣都谈及过，不过并不深入，略微沉吟，他才从容道：“旗人生计，乃是国之大政，微臣闲暇之时与江南名士，魏源、包世臣等人都探讨过，魏源曾言，近京五百里所圈之旗地，大半尽典于民。数百万不士、不农、不工、不商、不兵、不民之旗人居于京师，而莫为之所，虽竭海内之正供，不足以赡。”
虽竭海内之正供，不足以赡！道光不由的大为感触，朝廷花在旗人身上的银子确实是难以计数，局面却是丝毫未见好转，反而是日益严重恶化。
“一直以来，朝廷皆以旗人为根本。”易知足接着道：“自世祖以来，圣祖、世宗、高宗、仁宗皇帝都一直反复强调——首崇满洲、满洲根本、八旗根本、满洲甲兵根本、满洲甲兵系国家根本、八旗满洲乃朝廷之根本，八旗人员乃国家根本之语等等，屡屡见于诸位先帝谕旨。”
说到这里，他抬头看向道光，道：“微臣能不能直言？”
“但说无妨。”道光不假思索的道，易知足说话大胆率直，且敢说实话，他是颇为欣赏的，为此，他连记注官都屛退了，就担心对方有违碍之言。
“微臣窃以为，正是朝廷为旗人制定的基本国策束缚了旗人。”易知足沉声道：“旗人生计问题，根子在于朝廷制定的基本国策，若说立国之初，旗人是国之根本，到了如今，旗人不仅不是根本，反而成为朝廷的累赘。
人口基数越大，繁衍越快，旗人如今已有数百万，待的繁衍到上千万规模，甚至是数千万，朝廷又当如何待之？”
这话极为大胆，说的却也是实情，旗人如今确实是成了累赘！道光默然无语，自康熙晚年开始，历雍正、乾隆、嘉庆四朝，为解决旗人生计问题，朝廷没少采取措施，让汉军人员出旗为民，非正身旗人出旗为民，以减轻八旗人口压力，设立井田，赏赐银两，赎回民典旗地，设立养育兵制度，组织旗民回垦边区等等，银子没少花，却不见成效。
计八旗丁册，顺治时不过三十四万，康熙时七十万，到的如今，已然三百余万，十倍于顺治之时，不仅令他困扰不堪，亦为朝廷带来巨大的财政压力，真要上了千万，会是何光景？
遏制八旗数量，这显然是不行的，因为民人数量亦在快速的膨胀，顺治之时，大清才多少人口？不过五六千万，如今却已突破四亿！再想回到从前，恢复八旗三四十万的规模，显然是不可行的，尤其是八旗现在已完全的堕落，不复当年着勇的情况下，他更不敢！
默然半晌，他才瞥见易知足有些不安，应该是不习惯跪奏，跪的时间长了，便抬手道：“起身，坐下说。”
易知足还真是跪不起了，很少跪过的他确实不耐跪，闻言暗松了口气，连忙谢恩起身落座，道光看了他一眼，道：“如何才能妥善解决？”
“废除八旗特权！”易知足毫不迟疑的道：“立国两百年，大清正统已深入人心，而且八旗，也负担不起维护皇权，捍卫国家的重任。”
废除八旗特权，也就等于是废除八旗制度！这小子还真是什么话都敢说，道光翻了他一眼，却没有出言斥责，这话听着狂悖，却不是没有道理，立国两百年，大清正统已深入人心，已经不需要再靠八旗来维护统治，而且如今的八旗也维护不了，与其如此，还不如废除八旗制度！
这个想法虽然大胆，却没有错，问题是八旗制度一直以来就是大清立国的根本，让他废除八旗制度，道光自忖没这个胆量，他无法预判，一旦废除八旗制度会带来什么样的后果。
见道光没训斥也没恼怒，而是默不吭声，易知足提着的一颗心才慢慢放下来，谨慎的道：“废除八旗特权，亦不是一蹴而就，而是缓缓图之，逐步取消旗人一应特权，另则，亦可逐步削减八旗数量，对于被削减的旗人，亦应妥善照应，诸如朝廷在天津发展工业开办工厂，就可以安置那些被削减的旗人......。”
听的这话，道光还真有些动心了，这法子倒也不失稳妥，既削减了八旗，亦不至于寒了旗人的心，逐步废除八旗种种特权，也是大为可行，待的特权丧失殆尽，旗人也就不再留念旗人的身份，也会逐步的自食其力，待的时机成熟，是废除八旗制度还是改良，皆可随心所欲，他当即鼓励道：“接着说。”
还接着说什么？易知足一阵郁闷，他之前也没想到道光会与他谈及八旗生计，根本就没有充分的准备，他脑子灵活，略微沉吟便道：“要逐步废除八旗特权，当务之急有三点，一是削减旗人俸禄，如今国库空虚，朝廷财政困难，欠债累累，正是削减旗人俸禄的最好借口和机会。
二是废除旗人仕途特权，户部银库亏空案，震惊朝野，正可借此整饬吏治，大幅削减旗人种种仕途特权，如此，既能得天下士绅称颂拥戴，亦可促使旗员收敛。
三是消除满汉畛域，或者是说消除旗民畛域，允许旗民联姻，允许旗民杂居，尽量缩小旗民之间的差异，如此一来，逐步废除八旗特权便不会遭遇大的阻力。”
急切间，都有这份见识，也确实是难得，道光心里暗赞了一声，这三点，可以说都说到了点子上，三管齐下，不仅大幅削减旗人的特权，也促使旗民之间的融合，日后废除八旗特权的阻力会小很多。
不过，一转念，他就由消除旗民畛域，允许旗民联姻这一条想到了易知足身上，这小子是什么意思？不愿意抬籍入旗，不愿意入镶黄旗满洲？略微沉吟，他才问道：“你可愿意成为旗民联姻之典范？”
易知足绕了诺大一个圈子，可不就是为的不入镶黄旗满洲，不过，他却稳重的道：“微臣能成为旗民联姻之典范固然是好，但因此却会错失抬入镶黄旗满洲的机会，鱼与熊掌不可兼得，皇上赏什么，微臣皆欣然受之。”
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